Estimation Of Longitudinal Moment Derivatives Of Missile Configuration Using Semi Free Flying Technique

A Semi-Free Dynamic Flying Test Technique Has Been Used To Estimate The Pitching Moment Derivatives Of A Missile Model. Wind Tunnel Tests Were Carried Out On A 1 :8 Scale Model Of PJ08 Missile Configuration. The Pitching Moment Derivatives Were Estimated From The Angular Motion Responses Of The Model To Doublet Input Using MLE Method. The Results Of Tests On Configuration 1 For Three CG Positions Are Detailed

Natural occurrence of aflatoxin, aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in groundnut seeds across India

A survey across different agro-climatic regions of India was done and 38 groundnut seed samples were collected from various sources. Upon analysis, all samples were found infected with Aspergillus flavus ranging from 2 to 50% incidence with aflatoxin content of 0.0 to 28 ppb. Greenhouse studies revealed no correlation between incidence of A. flavus and aflatoxin content on seedling emergence, root length, shoot length and dry weight. Seeds were predominantly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 followed by aflatoxin B2. Among the tested A. flavus isolates, 31 were found aflatoxigenic and seven were nonaflatoxigenic when analyzed through cultural, thin layer chromatography, competitive direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Present study reveals the current scenario of aflatoxin contamination, and aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic fungal infection in groundnut seeds collected across India.Keywords: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), groundnutAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(19), pp. 2587-259

Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Indian medicinal plants against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria

The ethnobotanical efficacy of Indian medicinal plants; Achyranthes aspera, Artemisia parviflora, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantean, Lawsonia inermis, Mimosa pudica, Ixora coccinea, Parthenium hysterophorus and Chromolaena odorata were examined using agar disc diffusion method against clinical bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and phytopathogenic bacteria (Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum). Leaves were extracted using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Among treatments, maximum in vitro inhibition was scored in methanol extracts of C. odorata which offered inhibition zone of 10, 9, 12 and 12 mm against E. coli, S. aureus, X. vesicatoria and R. solanaccearum, respectively, followed by chloroform extract of the same plant leaf with inhibition zone of 8, 4, 4 and 4 mm, respectively. A significant inhibition of E. coli was found in aqueous and in all tested solvent extracts of A. indica. In case of S. aureus, maximum inhibition of 8 mm was obtained in aqueous extracts of A. indica and 6 mm from methanol extract of L. inermis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for the clinicalbacteria ranged between 0.35 to 4.0 mg/ml and 0.25 to 4.0 mg/ml for phytopathogenic bacteria when tested with all four solvents extracts of C. odorata. Whereas, extracts of A. aspera, A. parviflora, C. gigantean, L. inermis, M. pudica and I. coccinea were found to be ineffective or showed poor inhibition on tested human and phytopathogenic bacteria

Moment stability Derivatives of N A G Missile Configuration-at Low Speed using Semi-free Dynamic Flying

Dynamic flying of scaled model exploits the advantages of flight test methodology and wind tunnel flexibility to generate stability derivative data in evaluated using dynamic flying A 1 : 1 .45 scaled model is flown in a low speed, tunnel and its pitching response to servoed tail drive doublet is analysed using Maximum Likelihood Estimation method . The results indicate a low angle of attack static instability for the tested configuration

Design and simulation of a Digital Combat Flap controller for a fighter Aircraft

As a part of the performance improvement programme for the MIG-21 BIS aircraft, HAL Nasik planned to undertake the modification of the existing flap control system for servo operation to incorporate an active manoeuvre load control (ML C) system employing aerodynamic surfaces like combat flaps. The present document details the work done by the Systems Engineering Division in accomplishing the above task sponsored by HAL (NASIK). In the system design requirements, the functional requirements which is been detailed in the flow chart of the combat flap controller is described. The flap command is computed as a function of angle of attack and mach number. Hardware design aspect covers a survey of available flight worthy hardware in the country and the hardware used for iron bird experiments . In iron bird simulate experiments, both hybrid and system integration with hydraulic system has been explained . The results obtained has been verified with system requirements and finally the future course of action is been indicated as per the discussions held between NAL & HAL NASIK), luring the execution of the project

Augmentation of the 1.2m x 1.2m low speed dynamic test wind tunnel at NAL

This document details the Augmentation of the 1.2m x l.2m13; Low speed Dynamic Test Wind Tunnel at Flight Mechanics amp; Controls Division. The Tunnel designed in 1982 was originally capable of 32 m/s fixed speed. With sponsorship of AR amp; DB, the tunnel volocity has been enhanced to variable speed capability of 20-60 m/s using a 175 kw DC motor and an inlet Guide Vane system capable of 1:1:8 ratio speed control. The latter provides 5 m/s/s flow acceleration capability. This ARDB project has been completed in 15 months tim

A rotary derivative rig for FMCD low speed tunnel

Rotary derivatives of a flight vehicle provide insight into13; its spin characteristics.The rotary derivative data can be13; generated for scaled aerodynamic models by coning motion at13; non-dimensional spin rates in the range of 0 to +/-0.313; at typical spin velocities. This document details the design of a rotary derivative rig for NAL FMCD's variable low speed (0-60 m/s) wind tunnel

A low speed tunnel semi-free dynamic flying study of the high angle of attack pitch derivatives of HF-24 using MILE procedure

The high angle of attack pitch stability and control derivatives of a 1/13 model of the HF-24 are generated using a semi-free flying technique. The model is similarity scaled and is flown in a single degree of freedom with a pitch gimble at its center of gravity. The fully instrumented model with its served elevator is initially trimmed to the desired angle of attack and is disturbed by a doublet elevator pulse. The model responses are analyzed using a Maximum Likelihood parameter estimation procedure. The results indicate that the semi-free dynamic flying and analysis of the associated motion responses using inertial sensors can provide derivative data which compare well with derivatives generated by traditional methods in wind tunnels. Static stability, pitch damping, control derivatives with the trim data are presented a functions of angle of attack from -10 deg to +25 deg with flaps set at -10, 0, 10, 20 and 30 deg and side slip settings of -10, 0 and 10 deg. The capability of semi-free flying to generate high angle of attack pitch derivatives is demonstrated

Dynamic flying investigations on 1/13.5 NALLA Model (Longitudinal Results)

A 1/13.5 Scale NALLA model has been instrumented and13; dynamcally flown with one degree of freedom. Experiments13; have been conducted at CG locations of 0.28 C amp; 0.43 C13; The Neutral point of the configuration has been shown13; to be in the range 0.57 C to 0.58 C suggesting - aft13; loading. The power effect is shown to be pitch up above13; 10xB0; alpha trim and pitch down below 10xB0; alpha

Effect of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins on seed quality parameters of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

The Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins are known to be detrimental to plant and animals affecting their productivity and yield. This study evaluated effects of toxigenic A. flavus and aflatoxins on physical parameters like seed germination, seedling vigor, root length, shoot length and also biochemical parameters like chlorophyll content, protein, sugars and amylase activity in sorghum seeds. The sorghum seeds were treated with 100, 250 and 500 μg ml-1 concentrations of aflatoxins and likewise, A. flavus spore suspension adjusted to 1x108 spores ml-1 were also treated to seeds in different treatments. The experimental results revealed maximum inhibition of seed germination, seedling vigor, chlorophyll, proteins, total sugars and α-amylase activity in the sorghum seedlings was observed at 500 µg ml-1 followed by 250 and 100 µg ml-1. But seed treatment with toxigenic A. flavus spore suspension showed slight inhibition all the above parameters tested when compared to untreated control, but there was no significant decrease was observed. The study highlighted negative effects of the A. flavus and aflatoxins on the tested seed quality parameters tested there by necessitating need of monitoring of toxigenic fungi and their metabolites in sorghum seeds