Evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet in comparison with diclofenac and aceclofenac tablet in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model

Background: Osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and locomotor disability worldwide. Though various pharmacological, mechanical and surgical interventions are used, there is no known cure for OA. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac and aceclofenac tablet in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model.Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-180 g were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group i.e. group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac tablet), group 3 (aceclofenac tablet) and group 4 (ariflex tablet). The study drugs were orally administered with feeding needle, 30 minutes prior to carrageenan injection. After 30 min 1% w/v of 0.05 ml carrageenan was injected subcutaneously in the rat paw. The paw was marked with ink at the level of lateral malleolus and immersed in mercury up to lateral malleolus mark. The paw volume was measured plethysmographically after injection at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour and eventually at 5 hour.Results: All the test formulations possess statistically significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control group. The maximum percentage inhibition for Ariflex tablet was 96.97% at the end of 5 hours. When compared to control group, statistically significant reduction of paw edema was observed. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet from 2 hours onwards is comparable to that of diclofenac tablet and aceclofenac tablet.Conclusions: Ariflex tablet possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity

EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (IN VIVO) ACTIVITY OF ARIFLEX LINIMENT IN COMPARISON WITH DICLOFENAC GEL IN CARRAGEENAN INDUCED RAT PAW EDEMA MODEL

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex liniment (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd) in comparison with Diclofenac gel in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-180 g were taken and divided into 3 groups with 6 animals in each group i.e. Group 1 (Controlled Group), Group 2 (Diclofenac gel) and Group 3 (Ariflex liniment). The study drugs were topically applied 30 min prior to carrageenan injection. After 30 min 1% w/v of 0.05 ml carrageenan was injected subcutaneously in the paw. The paw was marked with ink at the level of lateral malleolus and immersed in mercury up to the lateral malleolus mark. The paw volume was measured plethysmographically, immediately after injection i.e. on 0 min, and then on 30 min,1h, 2h,3h, 4h and 5hr after injection. Results: Diclofenac gel sodium treated group showed significant inhibition (p&lt;0.01) of paw edema at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5th hrs as compared to control group. Ariflex Liniment showed significant inhibition (p&lt;0.05) of paw edema at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4th hrs as compared to the control group. Group treated with Ariflex Liniment did not show any significant decrease in paw edema volume at 5th hrs when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Ariflex Liniment possesses anti-inflammatory activity

Evaluation of analgesic (in vivo) activity of Ariflex liniment in comparison with diclofenac gel by acetic acid induced writhing model

Background: Adverse effects of available medications for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitate development of safer and effective alternative medicinal substitutes. The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac gel by using acetic acid induced writhing model.Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were taken and divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each group, i.e., group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac gel) and group 3 (Ariflex liniment). After 1 hour of topical application of study drugs writhing was induced in mice using intra-peritonial injection of 1% acetic acid in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Then the writhing episodes were recorded for 30 minutes and results were noted.Results: In the control group, the total number of  writhes were 260±29.73 (mean±S. E. M.). The total number of writhes was 12.17±11.81 (mean ± S. E. M.) in diclofenac group. In Ariflex liniment group, not a single animal felt pain, hence there were no writhes recorded. When compared to control group, the difference in number of writhes was statistically significant. The analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment was found to be superior to that of diclofenac gel used as standard drug.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Ariflex liniment possesses analgesic activity

EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC (IN VIVO) ACTIVITY OF ARIFLEX TABLET IN COMPARISON WITH DICLOFENAC AND ACECLOFENAC USING ACETIC ACID INDUCED WRITHING MODEL IN MICE

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet which is a polyherbal formulation conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Private in comparison to Aceclofenac and Diclofenac Tablet. Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20–25 g were taken and divided into four groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 (Controlled Group) animals were starved overnight. Group 2 animals were orally administered with Diclofenac Tablet as Standard drug. Group 3 animals were orally administered with Aceclofenac Tablet as Standard drug and Group 4 Animals were orally administered with Ariflex Tablet. The test and standard drugs were orally administered with feeding needle after 1 h of injecting 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Writhing episodes were recorded for 30 min by counting the stretching. Results: All the tested formulations possess analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing model. Aceclofenac possesses strong analgesic activity compared to other formulations tested. In Ariflex Tablet Group, the number of writhes was 120.6±41.4. If compared to control group, the number of writhes was significantly less suggesting analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet. Analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet was close to that of Diclofenac Sodium. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Ariflex Tablet possesses significant analgesic activity. Ariflex Tablet can be used in the management of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty arthritis, Lumbago, Sciatica, and Spondylitis

A sparse representation based image steganography using Particle Swarm Optimization and wavelet transform

With the growth of information technology, information security is a major concern in the interactive environment, where there is no security for the messages send to and from the receiver. A technology named image steganography has been employed that ensures security to the covert communication and safeguarding the information. Image steganography hides the secret message in any of the recipient images and sends the secret message such that the message is visible only to the sender and the receiver. This paper proposes a method for image steganography using sparse representation, and an algorithm named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for effective selection of the pixels for the purpose of embedding the secret audio signal in the image. PSO-based pixel selection procedure uses a fitness function that depends on the cost function. Cost function calculates the edge, entropy, and intensity of the pixel for evaluating fitness. Simulation has been done and comparison of the PSO with the other existing methods in terms of Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) determines the proposed PSO, as an effective method. The proposed method achieved a better PSNR and MSE values of 47.6 dB and 0.75 respectively. Keywords: DWT, Image steganography, IDWT, PSNR, MS

Analysis of surface roughness and cutting force during turning of Ti6Al4V ELI in dry environment

This paper investigates the effect of cutting parameters on the surface roughness and cutting force of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI when turning using PVD TiAlN coated tool in dry environment. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design of experiment was used for the turning experiment 2 factors and 3 levels. Turning parameters studied were cutting speed (50, 65, 80 m/min), feed rate (0.08, 0.15, 0.2 mm/rev) and depth of cut 0.5 mm constant. Linear and second order model of the surface roughness and cutting force has been developed in terms of cutting speed and feed. The results show that the feed rate was the most impact factor controlling the cutting force and surface roughness produced. MINITAB 17software was used to develop a linear and second order model of surface roughness and cutting force. Optimum condition was at 66.97 m/min of cutting speed, 0.08 mm/rev of feed rate. Surface roughness 0.57μm and cutting force 54.02 N were obtained at the optimum condition. A good agreement between the experimental and predicted surface roughness and cutting force were observed

Comparative efficacy of two polyherbal creams with framycetin sulfate on diabetic wound model in rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic disorders that impede normal steps of wound healing process. Worldwide, 15% of the 200 million diabetics suffer from diabetic wounds. Diabetic complications, such as foot ulcer, impose major public health burdens worldwide. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate comparative efficacy of polyherbal creams with framycetin sulfate cream on diabetic rats using incision and excision wound models. Materials and methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) induced diabetic rat models (incision and excision models) were used to evaluate wound healing effect of cream A, B, and framycetin sulfate. Cream A and B were applied for a period of 10 and 20 days for incision and excision wound models, respectively. Incision wound model was used to assess the effect on breaking strength. Wound contraction and epithelialization period were measured using excision wound model. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. Results: Tensile strength of the animals treated with cream B (941.66 ± 15.36) was found to be significantly greater (P < 0.001) as compared to tensile strength of the animals treated with cream A (825 ± 22.36). Wound treated with cream B was found to heal significantly (P < 0.001) faster (day 17) as compared to wounds treated with framycetin sulfate (day 21). Conclusions: Cream B was found to be more effective wound healing agent than cream A and framycetin sulfate cream in treating diabetic wounds

An open-label, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TLPL/AY/01/2008 in the management of functional constipation

Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms across the globe. Its high prevalence rate, economic burden, and adverse implications on the quality of life make constipation a major public health issue. Though various treatment options are available for the management of constipation, evidence for their efficacy and safety are limited. An open-label, prospective, interventional, and exploratory clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of “TLPL/AY/01/2008” in 34 patients suffering from functional constipation. “TLPL/AY/01/2008” is an Ayurvedic proprietary polyherbal formulation in powder form, containing Isabgol husk, Senna extract, and Triphala extract. Administration of “TLPL/AY/01/2008” for 14 days showed a significant increase in mean weekly bowel movements from 10.19 ± 05.64 to 18.29 ± 05.72 (P<0.05). The mean average time spent on toilet for bowel evacuation reduced significantly from 11.02 ± 05.43 minutes (baseline value) to 08.70 ± 04.72 minutes on day 14 (P<0.05). Mean stool form score assessed on Bristol stool form scale was improved from 02.97 ± 00.48 (baseline value) to 04.61 ± 00.84 (P<0.05) on day 14. A significant improvement (P<0.05) was also noted in straining during defecation, sensation of incomplete evacuation, sensation of anorectal blockage, and other associated symptoms of functional constipation. The significant improvement in most of the above symptoms was endured for a post-treatment observatory period of one week. All the study patients showed an excellent tolerability to the study drug. These findings suggest that “TLPL/AY/01/2008” is an effective, safe, and non-habit-forming herbal laxative formulation for the management of constipation. Comparative clinical studies with larger sample size would be able to confirm the above findings