Cost-effective photonic super-resolution millimeter-wave joint radar-communication system using self-coherent detection

A cost-effective millimeter-wave (MMW) joint radar-communication (JRC) system with super resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, using optical heterodyne up-conversion and self-coherent detection down-conversion techniques. The point lies in the designed coherent dual-band constant envelope linear frequency modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LFM-OFDM) signal with opposite phase modulation indexes for the JRC system. Then the self-coherent detection, as a simple and low-cost means, is accordingly facilitated for both de-chirping of MMW radar and frequency down-conversion reception of MMW communication, which circumvents the costly high-speed mixers along with MMW local oscillators and more significantly achieves the real-time decomposition of radar and communication information. Furthermore, a super resolution radar range profile is realized through the coherent fusion processing of dual-band JRC signal. In experiments, a dual-band LFM-OFDM JRC signal centered at 54-GHz and 61-GHz is generated. The dual bands are featured with an identical instantaneous bandwidth of 2 GHz and carry an OFDM signal of 1 GBaud, which help to achieve a 6-Gbit/s data rate for communication and a 1.76-cm range resolution for radar

Middle-Late Jurassic magmatism in the west central Lhasa subterrane, Tibet: Petrology, zircon chronology, elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-Mg isotopic geochemistry

Mesozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in the Lhasa terrane, but most of them are of cretaceous age. Because Jurassic rocks are relatively rare and our knowledge on such earlier magmatism in the context of the tectonic setting and evolution is limited. In this study, we focus on the mid-late Jurassic granitoids that occur in the west central Lhasa subterrane. We present the results of a systematic study of these granitoid rocks of tonalite composition together with the hosted mafic magmatic enclaves. We dated 4 representative tonalite samples and 2 enclaves using zircon U-Pb method that gives the age range of 167–154 Ma. All these samples have Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.713941–0.718417, εNd(t) = −14 to −9.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.806–18.936, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.739–15.764, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.257–39.798) similar to the composition of gneisses from the basement of the Lhasa terrane, suggesting that magmas parental to these mid-late Jurassic granitoids of tonalitic composition are of largely crustal origin, which is also supported by the petrographic observations. Both of the tonalite samples and the mafic enclaves have a wide span of zircon εHf(t) of −15.9 to −0.2 and − 13.8 to −7.4, respectively. These samples also show varying δ26Mg ranging from −0.40 to −0.18, with an average δ26Mg = −0.27 ± 0.06‰ (2SD) that is best understood as representing the Mg composition of the continental crust of the Lhasa terrane. All these observations allow us to conclude that basaltic melts derived from metasomatized mantle were involved in the petrogenesis of these granitoids. Specifically, southward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean lithosphere and subsequent slab rollback metasomatized the mantle wedge and the lithospheric mantle above, whose melting produced basaltic magmas. Underplating and intrusion of these basaltic magmas caused crustal melting and generation of granitoid magmas parental to the tonalite and enclaves we study

TencentPretrain: A Scalable and Flexible Toolkit for Pre-training Models of Different Modalities

Recently, the success of pre-training in text domain has been fully extended to vision, audio, and cross-modal scenarios. The proposed pre-training models of different modalities are showing a rising trend of homogeneity in their model structures, which brings the opportunity to implement different pre-training models within a uniform framework. In this paper, we present TencentPretrain, a toolkit supporting pre-training models of different modalities. The core feature of TencentPretrain is the modular design. The toolkit uniformly divides pre-training models into 5 components: embedding, encoder, target embedding, decoder, and target. As almost all of common modules are provided in each component, users can choose the desired modules from different components to build a complete pre-training model. The modular design enables users to efficiently reproduce existing pre-training models or build brand-new one. We test the toolkit on text, vision, and audio benchmarks and show that it can match the performance of the original implementations

Geriatric nutritional risk index is associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with acute heart failure

Background: During the acute heart failure (AHF), acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in critically ill patients. The occurrence of the latter condition increases the risk of mortality in patients with acute heart failure. The current research on the relationship between nutritional risk and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute heart failure is very limited. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, version 2.1) database. We included adult patients with AHF who were admitted to the intensive care unit in the study. Results: A total of 1310 critically ill patients with acute heart failure were included. The AUC of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) (0.694) is slightly superior to that of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) (0.656) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (0.669). The Log-rank test revealed a higher risk of acute kidney injury in patients with high nutritional risk (p < 0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that a high GNRI (adjusted HR 0.62, p < 0.001) was associated with a reduced risk of AKI during hospitalization in AHF patients. The final subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant interaction of GNRI in all subgroups except for diabetes subgroup and ventilation subgroup (P for interaction: 0.057-0.785). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest a correlation between GNRI and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure

Comparisons of Energy Management Methods for a Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle between the Convex Optimization and Dynamic Programming

This paper proposes a comparison study of energy management methods for a parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Based on detailed analysis of the vehicle driveline, quadratic convex functions are presented to describe the nonlinear relationship between engine fuel-rate and battery charging power at different vehicle speed and driveline power demand. The engine-on power threshold is estimated by the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, and the battery power command is achieved by convex optimization with target of improving fuel economy, compared with the dynamic programming (DP) based method and the charging depleting–charging sustaining (CD/CS) method. In addition, the proposed control methods are discussed at different initial battery state of charge (SOC) values to extend the application. Simulation results validate that the proposed strategy based on convex optimization can save the fuel consumption and reduce the computation burden obviously

Mobile-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention: bibliometric analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this article was to review existing documents in the field of mobile-based EMA and EMI, provide an overview of current hot topics, and predict future development trends.MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric study on mobile-based EMA and EMI publications that were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Biblioshiny and CiteSpace were utilized to analyze scientific productions, leading sources, authors, affiliations, documents, research hot topics, keywords, and trend topics.ResultsA total of 2222 documents related to EMA and EMI published between 1992 and 2023 were retrieved. In recent years, scholarly publications have generally increased in mobile-based EMA and EMI research, particularly in the last decade. JMIR mHealth and uHealth (n=86), as well as JMIR (n=73), showed the highest number of publications. The United States (n=1038), Germany (n=218) and Netherlands (n=175) were leading countries. Regarding keyword co-occurrence and trend topics analysis, mental health, health behaviors, and feasibility were hot topics in mobile-based EMA and EMI research. Future research trends included using EMA for tailoring EMI, just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI), and digital phenotyping.ConclusionThis bibliometric study on mobile-based EMA and EMI is a valuable resource for understanding the field’s evolution and future trends. Our analysis indicates that EMA and EMI have great potential in health behaviors and mental health, but implementation should consider feasibility and reactivity issues carefully. Emerging trends include EMA-tailored EMI, JITAI, and digital phenotyping. In the future, strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation will be necessary to promote the continued development of the field

Hydrostatin-TL1, an Anti-Inflammatory Active Peptide from the Venom Gland of Hydrophis cyanocinctus in the South China Sea

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pleiotropic cytokine with intense pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and anti-TNF-α biologics are effective therapies for various inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sepsis. Snake venom, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China for centuries. In this research, we constructed a venom gland T7 phage display library of the sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus to screen bioactive compounds that antagonize TNF-α and identified a novel nine-amino-acid peptide, termed hydrostatin-TL1 (H-TL1). In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses, H-TL1 inhibited the interaction between TNF-α and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Further, H-TL1 attenuated the cytotoxicity of TNF-α in L929 cells as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. H-TL1 also decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α/TNFR1 downstream targets and suppressed the phosphorylation of well-characterized proteins of downstream signal transduction pathways in HEK-293 cells. In vivo data demonstrated that H-TL1 protects animals against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute shock. Given its significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, H-TL1 is a potential peptide for the development of new agents to treat TNF-α-associated inflammatory diseases

Muscle-fiber array inspired, multiple-mode, pneumatic artificial muscles through planar design and one-step rolling fabrication

Abstract Advances in development of artificial muscles have enabled creation of soft robots with biological dexterity and self-adaption in unstructured environments; however, production of scalable artificial muscles with multiple-mode actuations remains elusive. Inspired by muscle-fiber arrays in muscular hydrostats, we present a class of versatile artificial muscles called MAIPAMs (muscle-fiber array inspired pneumatic artificial muscles), capable of multiple-mode actuations (such as parallel elongation-bending-spiraling actuations, 10 parallel bending actuations and cascaded elongation-bending-spiraling actuations). Our MAIPAMs consist of active 3D elastomer-balloon arrays reinforced by a passive elastomer membrane, achieved through a planar design and one-step rolling fabrication approach. We introduce prototypical designs for the MAIPAMs and demonstrate their muscle-mimic structures and versatility, as well as their scalable ability to integrate flexible but non-stretchable layers for contraction and twisting actuation modes and compliant electrodes for self-sensing. We further demonstrate that this class of artificial muscles shows potential for versatile robotic applications, such as carrying a camera for recording videos, gripping or manipulating objects, and climbing a pipe-line.</jats:p

Responses of Periphyton to Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: A Physiological and Ecological Basis for Defending Nanotoxicity

The toxic effects of nanoparticles on individual organisms have been widely investigated, while few studies have investigated the effects of nanoparticles on ubiquitous multi community microbial aggregates. Here, periphyton as a model of microbial aggregates, was employed to investigate the responses of microbial aggregates exposed continuously to Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5.0 mg L-1) for 30 days. The exposure to Fe2O3 nanoparticles results in the chlorophyll (a, b, and c) contents of periphyton increasing and the total antioxidant capacity decreasing. The composition of the periphyton markedly changes in the presence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the species diversity significantly increases. The changes in the periphyton composition and diversity were due to allelochemicals, such as 3-methylpentane, released by members of the periphyton which inhibit their competitors. The functions of the periphyton represented by metabolic capability and contaminant (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and copper) removal were able to acclimate to the Fe2O3 nanoparticles exposure via self-regulation of morphology, species composition and diversity. These findings highlight the importance of both physiological and ecological factors in evaluating the long-term responses of microbial aggregates exposed to nanoparticles