A schematic representation of mathematical model.

<p>A schematic representation of mathematical model.</p

Horizontal velocity profiles and temperature profiles vs. for different values of with .

<p>Horizontal velocity profiles and temperature profiles vs. for different values of with .</p

Comparison of values of and with previous results for different values of when .

<p>Comparison of values of and with previous results for different values of when .</p

The effects of various parameters on and .

<p>Note: denotes as the physical parameters increase, or increases (decreases); denotes that first decreases and then increases with the increase of .</p><p>The effects of various parameters on and .</p

Supplemental Material - Discovery of the mechanism of n-propylparaben-promoting the proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells by activating human estrogen receptors via metabolomics analysis

Supplemental Material for Discovery of the mechanism of n-propylparaben-promoting the proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells by activating human estrogen receptors via metabolomics analysis by Yunxia Chen, Chan Zhao, Jun Zheng, Ning Su and Hainan Ji in Human & Experimental Toxicology</p

Increased Expression of Cathepsin L: A Novel Independent Prognostic Marker of Worse Outcome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To investigate the expression and role of Cathepsin L (CTSL) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and cell line (MHCC-97H), and to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of CTSL protein in patients with HCC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The expression of CTSL was examined in HCC tissue and MHCC-97H cells by Western-blotting, Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Cell growth curve assay and colony formation assay were used to verify the effect of CTSL on the proliferation and tumor progression ability of MHCC-97H cells. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was used to analyze the effect of CTSL on the tumorigenicity of MHCC-97H cells.</p><p>Results</p><p>The status of CTSL protein in carcinoma tissues is much higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues. The overall survival of the patients with high CTSL expression was significantly shorter than the low CTSL expression group. high CTSL expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical staging, histological grade and tumor recurrence. In vitro experiments demonstrated that over-expression of CTSL in MHCC-97H cells promoted cell proliferation and tumor progression ability. Down-regulation of CTSL showed the opposite effects. Over-expression of CTSL increase the tumorigenicity of MHCC-97H cells by in vivo experiments. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that CTSL expression might be an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of HCC patients after curative surgery.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>CTSL might involve in the development and progression of HCC as a oncogene, and thereby may be a valuable prognostic marker for HCC patients.</p></div

In Situ Growth of Metal Particles on 3D Urchin-like WO₃ Nanostructures

Metal/semiconductor hybrid materials of various sizes and morphologies have many applications in areas such as catalysis and sensing. Various organic agents are necessary to stabilize metal nanoparticles during synthesis, which leads to a layer of organic compounds present at the interfaces between the metal particles and the semiconductor supports. Generally, high-temperature oxidative treatment is used to remove the organics, which can extensively change the size and morphology of the particles, in turn altering their activity. Here we report a facile method for direct growth of noble-metal particles on WO₃ through an in situ redox reaction between weakly reductive WO_2.72 and oxidative metal salts in aqueous solution. This synthetic strategy has the advantages that it takes place in one step and requires no foreign reducing agents, stabilizing agents, or pretreatment of the precursors, making it a practical method for the controlled synthesis of metal/semiconductor hybrid nanomaterials. This synthetic method may open up a new way to develop metal-nanoparticle-loaded semiconductor composites

Analysis of CTSL protein in tissues by immunohistochemistry.

<p>A and B, CTSL expression is negative in normal liver cells. C and D, CTSL expression is weak in well-differentiated HCC cells. E and F, CTSL expression is moderate in moderately differentiated HCC cells. G and H, CTSL expression is strong in poorly differentiated HCC cells. (A, C, E, G ×200; B, D, F, H ×400).</p

Expression levels of CTSL in HCC tissues.

<p>A. Expression levels of CTSL protein in 13 paired HCC tissues by Western blotting. N, paracarcinoma (normal) liver tissues. T, HCC tissues. B. Quantitative analysis of CTSL protein in 13 paired HCC tissues. C. mRNA levels of CTSL in 13 paired HCC tissues by real-time PCR.</p

Survival curves for patients with high CTSL expression versus low CTSL-expressing carcinoma.

<p>The 5-year overall survival rate was 22.7% in the high CTSL protein expression group (green line), but it was only 41.4% in the low expression group (blue line), P = 0.032.</p