27 research outputs found
Table1.XLS
<p>Cassava is an energy crop that is tolerant of multiple abiotic stresses. It has been reported that the interaction between Calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is implicated in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, little is known about their functions in cassava. Herein, 8 CBL (MeCBL) and 26 CIPK (MeCIPK) genes were isolated from cassava by genome searching and cloning of cDNA sequences of Arabidopsis CBLs and CIPKs. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of MeCBL and MeCIPK genes were different in different tissues throughout the life cycle. The expression patterns of 7 CBL and 26 CIPK genes in response to NaCl, PEG, heat and cold stresses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was found that the expression of each was induced by multiple stimuli. Furthermore, we found that many pairs of CBLs and CIPKs could interact with each other via investigating the interactions between 8 CBL and 25 CIPK proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast cells co-transformed with cassava MeCIPK24, MeCBL10, and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter MeSOS1 genes exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to those with one or two genes. These results suggest that the cassava CBL-CIPK signal network might play key roles in response to abiotic stresses.</p
Image4.TIF
<p>Cassava is an energy crop that is tolerant of multiple abiotic stresses. It has been reported that the interaction between Calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is implicated in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, little is known about their functions in cassava. Herein, 8 CBL (MeCBL) and 26 CIPK (MeCIPK) genes were isolated from cassava by genome searching and cloning of cDNA sequences of Arabidopsis CBLs and CIPKs. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of MeCBL and MeCIPK genes were different in different tissues throughout the life cycle. The expression patterns of 7 CBL and 26 CIPK genes in response to NaCl, PEG, heat and cold stresses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was found that the expression of each was induced by multiple stimuli. Furthermore, we found that many pairs of CBLs and CIPKs could interact with each other via investigating the interactions between 8 CBL and 25 CIPK proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast cells co-transformed with cassava MeCIPK24, MeCBL10, and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter MeSOS1 genes exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to those with one or two genes. These results suggest that the cassava CBL-CIPK signal network might play key roles in response to abiotic stresses.</p
Table2.XLS
<p>Cassava is an energy crop that is tolerant of multiple abiotic stresses. It has been reported that the interaction between Calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is implicated in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, little is known about their functions in cassava. Herein, 8 CBL (MeCBL) and 26 CIPK (MeCIPK) genes were isolated from cassava by genome searching and cloning of cDNA sequences of Arabidopsis CBLs and CIPKs. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of MeCBL and MeCIPK genes were different in different tissues throughout the life cycle. The expression patterns of 7 CBL and 26 CIPK genes in response to NaCl, PEG, heat and cold stresses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was found that the expression of each was induced by multiple stimuli. Furthermore, we found that many pairs of CBLs and CIPKs could interact with each other via investigating the interactions between 8 CBL and 25 CIPK proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast cells co-transformed with cassava MeCIPK24, MeCBL10, and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter MeSOS1 genes exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to those with one or two genes. These results suggest that the cassava CBL-CIPK signal network might play key roles in response to abiotic stresses.</p
Image1.TIF
<p>Cassava is an energy crop that is tolerant of multiple abiotic stresses. It has been reported that the interaction between Calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is implicated in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, little is known about their functions in cassava. Herein, 8 CBL (MeCBL) and 26 CIPK (MeCIPK) genes were isolated from cassava by genome searching and cloning of cDNA sequences of Arabidopsis CBLs and CIPKs. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of MeCBL and MeCIPK genes were different in different tissues throughout the life cycle. The expression patterns of 7 CBL and 26 CIPK genes in response to NaCl, PEG, heat and cold stresses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was found that the expression of each was induced by multiple stimuli. Furthermore, we found that many pairs of CBLs and CIPKs could interact with each other via investigating the interactions between 8 CBL and 25 CIPK proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast cells co-transformed with cassava MeCIPK24, MeCBL10, and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter MeSOS1 genes exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to those with one or two genes. These results suggest that the cassava CBL-CIPK signal network might play key roles in response to abiotic stresses.</p
Image3.TIF
<p>Cassava is an energy crop that is tolerant of multiple abiotic stresses. It has been reported that the interaction between Calcineurin B-like (CBL) protein and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is implicated in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, little is known about their functions in cassava. Herein, 8 CBL (MeCBL) and 26 CIPK (MeCIPK) genes were isolated from cassava by genome searching and cloning of cDNA sequences of Arabidopsis CBLs and CIPKs. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of MeCBL and MeCIPK genes were different in different tissues throughout the life cycle. The expression patterns of 7 CBL and 26 CIPK genes in response to NaCl, PEG, heat and cold stresses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and it was found that the expression of each was induced by multiple stimuli. Furthermore, we found that many pairs of CBLs and CIPKs could interact with each other via investigating the interactions between 8 CBL and 25 CIPK proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast cells co-transformed with cassava MeCIPK24, MeCBL10, and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter MeSOS1 genes exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to those with one or two genes. These results suggest that the cassava CBL-CIPK signal network might play key roles in response to abiotic stresses.</p
Crystal Structures, Thermal Properties, and Biological Activities of a Series of Lanthanide Compounds with 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline
A new family of binuclear lanthanide
compounds of general formula [LnÂ(2,4-DClBA)<sub>3</sub>phen]<sub>2</sub> (LnÂ(III) = Nd (<b>1</b>), Sm (<b>2</b>), Dy (<b>3</b>), Yb (<b>4</b>); 2,4-DClBA = 2,4-dichlorobenzoate; phen =
1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental
analysis, molar conductance, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectra,
thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
On the basis of X-ray crystallography, compounds <b>2</b>–<b>4</b> belong to the triclinic crystal system, <i>PI</i>̅ space group. In compound <b>2</b>, the Sm<sup>3+</sup> ion adopted a distorted monocapped square-antiprism coordination
geometry. Compounds <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> are isomorphous
whose central ions (Dy<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup>) formed a
distorted square-antiprism geometry. The heat capacities of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> are measured using DSC technology
and fitted to a polynomial equation by the least-squares method. The
smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic function data of
compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> relative to the reference
temperature 298.15 K are then calculated. Meanwhile, these compounds
exhibit in good antifungal activity against C. albicans, good antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and better antibacterial activity against E. coli. The fluorescence spectra of the samarium and dysprosium compounds
behave as characteristic transitions of SmÂ(III) and DyÂ(III) ions
<i>Z</i>‑Selective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 3‑Substituted Cyclooctenes by Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide Imido Alkylidene (MAP) Catalysts of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Ring-opening
metathesis polymerization of a series of 3-substituted
cyclooctenes (3-MeCOE, 3-HexCOE, and 3-PhCOE) initiated by various
Mo and W MAP complexes leads to <i>cis</i>,HT-polyÂ(3-RCOE)
polymers. The apparent rate of polymerization of 3-HexCOE by WÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CH-t-Bu)Â(Pyr)Â(OHMT)
(<b>1c</b>; Pyr = pyrrolide; OHMT = O-2,6-Mesityl<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) is greater than the rate of polymerization
by MoÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CH-t-Bu)Â(Pyr)Â(OHMT) (<b>1b</b>), but both gave
the same <i>cis</i>,HT polymer structures. Formation of
HT-polyÂ(3-RCOE) employing <b>1c</b> takes place via propagating
species in which the R group (methyl, hexyl, or phenyl) is on C2 of
the propagating alkylidene chain, a type of intermediate that has
been modeled through the preparation of WÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CHCHMeEt)Â(Pyr)Â(OHMT).
The rate of ROMP is exceedingly sensitive to steric factors: e.g.,
WÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CH-t-Bu)Â(Me<sub>2</sub>Pyr)Â(OHMT), the dimethylpyrrolide
analogue of <b>1c</b>, essentially did not polymerize 3-HexCOE
at 22 °C. When a sample of WÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CHCHMeEt)Â(Pyr)Â(OHMT) and
3-methyl-1-pentene in CDCl<sub>3</sub> is cooled to −20 °C,
the alkylidene resonances for WÂ(N-t-Bu)Â(CHCHMeEt)Â(Pyr)Â(OHMT) disappear
and resonances that can be ascribed to protons in a <i>syn</i><sub>α</sub><i>/syn</i><sub>α′</sub> disubstituted trigonal bipyramidal metallacyclobutane complex appear.
3-Methyl-1-pentene is readily lost from this metallacycle on the NMR
time scale at room temperature
Genomic Aberrations in the HTPAP Promoter Affect Tumor Metastasis and Clinical Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
<div><p>We previously reported that the intronic tagSNP +357G/C in the metastasis suppressor HTPAP is associated with metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether SNPs in the HTPAP promoter modulate HTPAP expression and prognosis of HCC. Genomic DNA from 572 microdissected HCCs were genotyped by pyrosequencing and verified by direct sequencing. Haplotype blocks were analyzed. Reporter plasmids were constructed and transfected into HCC cell lines. Transcriptional activities of plasmids were analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter systems. HTPAP expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR, western blots, and tissue microarrays. Invasion was assessed by Matrigel assays. The prognostic values of HTPAP promoter SNPs in HCC were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. We identified six SNPs, including -1053A/G and +64G/C, in the HTPAP promoter. The SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium, resulting in three promoter haplotypes (promoter I:-1053AA/+64GG, promoter II: -1053AG/+64GC, and promoter III: -1053GG/+64CC). Promoter I manifested the highest luciferase index (p<0.005). However, no significant difference was observed between promoters II and III. We consistently found that HTPAP mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in promoter I than that of promoter II+III (p<0.001). Invasion was increased in HCC cells transfected with promoters II+III compared to those transfected with promoter I (p<0.05). The HTPAP promoter II+III haplotype was associated with significantly increased metastasis compared to that of promoter I (p = 0.023). The postoperative five-year overall survival of patients with promoters II+III was lower than that of patients with promoter I (p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that the promoter II+III haplotype was an adverse prognostic marker in HCC. The genetic variants at loci –1053 and +64 of the HTPAP promoter affect the expression of HTPAP, which might be a novel determinant and target for HCC prognosis.</p></div
Filler-Reinforced Elastomers Based on Functional Polyolefin Prepolymers
Carboxy-telechelic
polyolefin prepolymers were synthesized via
ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 3-ethyl-1-cyclooctene in
the presence of maleic acid. Following hydrogenation these difunctional
prepolymers were cross-linked with a trifunctional aziridine in the
presence of fumed silica or carbon black fillers to yield polyolefin
elastomers with significantly enhanced mechanical properties as compared
to the unfilled versions. The tensile strength, modulus, and tear
strength of the elastomers can be tuned by changing the filler type
and the total filler content. Further study on the reinforcing mechanism
suggests that both the polymer–filler interactions and the
filler–filler interactions play key roles in the mechanical
property enhancements
Comparison of luciferase activities in MHCC-97H, MHCC-97L and HepG2 cells transfected with promoter constructs I, II and III.
<p>MHCC-97H, MHCC-97L and HepG2 cells were transfected with promoter reporter constructs containing haplotype I (-1053AA/+64GG), promoter II (-1053AG/+64GC), and promoter III (-1053GG/+64 CC). The transcriptional activity in the three HCC cell lines transfected with haplotype I was much higher than that of promoter II, promoter III, and pGL3-Basic plasmid (mock control)(p<0.005, respectively). However, no difference was found between promoter II and promoter III.</p