Table_1_Case report: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case that initiated with the onset of obsessive-compulsive state.XLSX

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common reason for patients to seek symptomatic treatment in psychiatric departments, which makes it challenging to consider underlying organic nervous system diseases. However, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can present with atypical symptoms, sometimes even as initial symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Lumbar puncture and brain DWI are important diagnostic methods for CJD, and the detection of 1,433 protein can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.Case presentationWe present the case of a 63-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2022. Despite seven months of symptomatic treatment, her symptoms did not improve. She also developed symptoms of altered consciousness, such as upper limb tremors and mutism. Based on brain DWI and positive results from the detection of 1,433 protein, she was ultimately diagnosed with CJD.ConclusionCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can manifest initially as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with atypical symptoms, making it prone to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct further investigations, including lumbar puncture and imaging, to exclude organic nervous system diseases before initiating symptomatic treatment for psychiatric disorders. This approach can facilitate early diagnosis of CJD and other potential organic neurological diseases.</p

Acromial slope (AS) measurement in standard outlet view.

<p>Points A, B and the midway point on the inferior aspect of acromion (point E) were marked. The supplementary angle of ∠BEA represented the AS.</p

True anteroposterior view.

<p>The plane of the scapula was derotated so that the anterior and posterior glenoid edges were overlapped.</p

Pluripotency analyses of fused cells.

<p>(A) RT-qPCR analysis of the gene expression of somatic cell markers (mean + s.d.; **P<0.01, n = 3). GAPDH was used as an internal control. (B) RT-qPCR analysis of the gene expression of stem cell markers (mean + s.d.; **P<0.01; N.D. indicated no data, n = 3). GAPDH was used as an internal control. (C) Western blotting analysis of the level of Nanog and OCT4. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (D) Teratomas formation in the nude mice. mESCs were used as a control. (E) Histology of teratomas that were derived from fused cells. Left, epithelium (endoderm); middle, cartilage (mesoderm); right, neural tissue (ectoderm). Scale bar, 50 μm.</p

5hmC was involved in DNA demethylation in fused cells.

<p>(A) RT-qPCR analysis of the gene expression of Tet enzymes (mean + s.d.; *P<0.05, ** P<0.01, n = 3). (B) Immunoblotting analysis of 5hmC of genomic DNA samples from NIH3T3 cells, mESCs and fused cells at day 3. (C) Immunostaining analysis of 5hmC in NIH3T3 cells, mESCs and fused cells at day 3. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) (E) Detection of 5hmC and 5mC at OCT4 promoter by glucMS-qPCR (as a percentage of total cytosine). Results were shown as means and s.d. (n = 3). D1, D2 and D3 indicated fused cells on day 1, 2 and 3, respectively.</p

A Cell Electrofusion Chip for Somatic Cells Reprogramming

<div><p>Cell fusion is a potent approach to explore the mechanisms of somatic cells reprogramming. However, previous fusion methods, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated cell fusion, are often limited by poor fusion yields. In this study, we developed a simplified cell electrofusion chip, which was based on a micro-cavity/ discrete microelectrode structure to improve the fusion efficiency and to reduce multi-cell electrofusion. Using this chip, we could efficiently fuse NIH3T3 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to induce somatic cells reprogramming. We also found that fused cells demethylated gradually and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was involved in the demethylation during the reprogramming. Thus, the cell electrofusion chip would facilitate reprogramming mechanisms research by improving efficiency of cell fusion and reducing workloads.</p></div

Generation and identification of NIH3T3×mESC fused cells.

<p>(A) A schematic representation of fused cells derivation and identification. (B) NIH3T3 cells (red) and mESCs (green) were aligned and fused on the chip. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Enlarged picture of the pane in the image B. Arrows indicated cell pairing and fusion. Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) A typical colony of fused cells that were GFP and RFP positive. Scale bar, 20 μm. (E)(F) Karyotype analysis of NIH3T3 cells, mESCs and fused cells. Scale bar, 10 μm.</p

Acromial inferior protrusion (AIP).

<p>AIP was measured on the true anteroposterior view. It was defined as the distance from the most inferior point of the anterior acromion to the line which was coincident with the inferior aspect of the distal clavicle.</p

The measurement of modified acromial tilt (mAT) in standard outlet view.

<p>The supraglenoid tubercle was marked as point D, the angle ∠BAD defined mAT.</p

Acromiohumeral interval (AHI) measurement in standard outlet view.

<p>The distance between the inferior aspect of the acromion and the most superior point of the humeral head was AHI.</p