88 research outputs found
Analysis of The Characteristics of emotional Experience in MOOC Learning
With the rapid development of massive open online courses (MOOCs), researchers have begun to pay attention to the experience of teachers and students in the MOOC classroom. Select the middle school mathematics curriculum standard and textbook research course in the MOOC platform of Chinese universities and collect 66 selfreported data of instantaneous experience and long-term experience of 10 learners on the course learning within two weeks. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out in 8 sub-dimensions, including device usage preferences and problems, and platform tool application. The purpose of the research is to investigate the learning experience of MOOC learning platform more comprehensively and deeply. The research results show that mobile learning has become the main way of MOOC learning. The appearance, education and economy of the tools displayed on the platform directly affect the learning experience of learners. Demonstration tools are highly dependent, but the frequency of application, types and functions of tools are limited, and there is a lack of awareness and application of tools that promote advanced learning, deep learning, and reflective learning; the overall emotional experience of learners is in a positive emotional state and shows a distinct group characteristic. The learning experience of MOOC is directly related to the appearance, education and economy of the display tools in the platform; Learners have diverse experience of platform communication and cooperation tools, and are highly dependent on learning content display tools in the platform; Learners' emotional experience is both positive and negative, but it is dominated by positive emotions and shows distinct group characteristics
CLN-VC: Text-Free Voice Conversion Based on Fine-Grained Style Control and Contrastive Learning with Negative Samples Augmentation
Better disentanglement of speech representation is essential to improve the
quality of voice conversion. Recently contrastive learning is applied to voice
conversion successfully based on speaker labels. However, the performance of
model will reduce in conversion between similar speakers. Hence, we propose an
augmented negative sample selection to address the issue. Specifically, we
create hard negative samples based on the proposed speaker fusion module to
improve learning ability of speaker encoder. Furthermore, considering the
fine-grain modeling of speaker style, we employ a reference encoder to extract
fine-grained style and conduct the augmented contrastive learning on global
style. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms
previous work in voice conversion tasks.Comment: Accepted by the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and
Distributed Processing with Applications (IEEE ISPA 2023
CP-EB: Talking Face Generation with Controllable Pose and Eye Blinking Embedding
This paper proposes a talking face generation method named "CP-EB" that takes
an audio signal as input and a person image as reference, to synthesize a
photo-realistic people talking video with head poses controlled by a short
video clip and proper eye blinking embedding. It's noted that not only the head
pose but also eye blinking are both important aspects for deep fake detection.
The implicit control of poses by video has already achieved by the state-of-art
work. According to recent research, eye blinking has weak correlation with
input audio which means eye blinks extraction from audio and generation are
possible. Hence, we propose a GAN-based architecture to extract eye blink
feature from input audio and reference video respectively and employ
contrastive training between them, then embed it into the concatenated features
of identity and poses to generate talking face images. Experimental results
show that the proposed method can generate photo-realistic talking face with
synchronous lips motions, natural head poses and blinking eyes.Comment: Accepted by the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and
Distributed Processing with Applications (IEEE ISPA 2023
PMVC: Data Augmentation-Based Prosody Modeling for Expressive Voice Conversion
Voice conversion as the style transfer task applied to speech, refers to
converting one person's speech into a new speech that sounds like another
person's. Up to now, there has been a lot of research devoted to better
implementation of VC tasks. However, a good voice conversion model should not
only match the timbre information of the target speaker, but also expressive
information such as prosody, pace, pause, etc. In this context, prosody
modeling is crucial for achieving expressive voice conversion that sounds
natural and convincing. Unfortunately, prosody modeling is important but
challenging, especially without text transcriptions. In this paper, we firstly
propose a novel voice conversion framework named 'PMVC', which effectively
separates and models the content, timbre, and prosodic information from the
speech without text transcriptions. Specially, we introduce a new speech
augmentation algorithm for robust prosody extraction. And building upon this,
mask and predict mechanism is applied in the disentanglement of prosody and
content information. The experimental results on the AIShell-3 corpus supports
our improvement of naturalness and similarity of converted speech.Comment: Accepted by the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia
(MM2023
The role of IGF-1 in exercise to improve obesity-related cognitive dysfunction
Obesity is an important factor that threatens human health. The occurrence of many chronic diseases is related to obesity, and cognitive function decline often occurs with the onset of obesity. With the further prevalence of obesity, it is bound to lead to a wider range of cognitive dysfunction (ORCD). Therefore, it is crucial to suppress ORCD through intervention. In this regard, exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing obesity and improving cognitive function as a non-drug treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise has a regulatory effect on a growth factor closely related to cognitive function—insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 may be an important mediator in improving ORCD through exercise. This article reviews the effects of obesity and IGF-1 on cognitive function and the regulation of exercise on IGF-1. It analyzes the mechanism by which exercise can improve ORCD by regulating IGF-1. Overall, this review provides evidence from relevant animal studies and human studies, showing that exercise plays a role in improving ORCD. It emphasizes the importance of IGF-1, which helps to understand the health effects of exercise and promotes research on the treatment of ORCD
A mutual information theory-based approach for assessing uncertainties in deterministic multi-category precipitation forecasts
The very nature of weather forecasts and verifications and the way they are used make it impossible for one single or absolute standard of evaluation. However, little research has been conducted on verifying deterministic multi-category forecasts, which is based on the attribute of uncertainty. The authors propose a new approach using two mutual information theory-based scores for assessing the comprehensive uncertainty of all categories and the uncertainty for a certain category in deterministic multi-category precipitation forecasts, respectively. Specifically, the comprehensive uncertainty is defined as the average reduction in uncertainty about the observations resulting from the use of a predictive model to provide all categories forecasts; the uncertainty of a certain category is defined as the reduction in uncertainty about the observations resulting from the use of a predictive model to provide a certain category forecast. By applying the proposed approach and traditional verification methods, the four precipitation forecasting products from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) were verified in the Dahuofang Reservoir Drainage Basin, China. The results indicate that: (1) the proposed approach can better capture the changing patterns of uncertainties with lead times and distinguish the forecasting performance among different forecast products; (2) the proposed approach is resistant to the extreme bias; (3) the proposed approach needs a careful choice of bin width; and (4) the bias analysis is necessary before verifying the uncertainties in precipitation forecasts
Differential features of early childhood motor skill development and working memory processing: evidence from fNIRS
ObjectiveThe study investigated the differential characteristics associated with motor skill development and working memory processing during early childhood, thereby providing insights for understanding motor learning and cognitive development in young children.MethodsIn total, 101 preschool children (age: 4–6 years) were recruited for this study. The motor skill development level and the working memory capacity of the children were assessed using the MOBAK Motor Development Assessment Scale and a block task paradigm, respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging technology was used to monitor hemodynamic signals in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the children while they completed different memory tasks. MATLAB software and the Homer2 plugin were used to calculate the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in relevant brain regions during the tasks.Results(1) The low motor skill group exhibited significantly lower accuracy during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under both two-memory and three-memory load conditions, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher accuracy than the low motor skill group. (2) Significant differences in the Oxy-Hb concentration were observed in the left dorsolateral PFC (L-DLPFC), and right and left triangular part of the Broca’s area (R-PTBA and L-PTBA, respectively) between the two memory difficulty levels for the high motor skill group. The Oxy-Hb concentration was significantly higher during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under the two-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC and L-PTBA regions than in the low motor skill group. Under the three-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC, R-PTBA, and L-PTBA regions than the low motor skill group.ConclusionA close association was observed between the motor skill levels and working memory in young children, with higher motor skill levels being associated with more pronounced brain activation patterns during working memory tasks
COVID-19 causes record decline in global CO2 emissions
The considerable cessation of human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
has affected global energy use and CO2 emissions. Here we show the
unprecedented decrease in global fossil CO2 emissions from January to April
2020 was of 7.8% (938 Mt CO2 with a +6.8% of 2-{\sigma} uncertainty) when
compared with the period last year. In addition other emerging estimates of
COVID impacts based on monthly energy supply or estimated parameters, this
study contributes to another step that constructed the near-real-time daily CO2
emission inventories based on activity from power generation (for 29
countries), industry (for 73 countries), road transportation (for 406 cities),
aviation and maritime transportation and commercial and residential sectors
emissions (for 206 countries). The estimates distinguished the decline of CO2
due to COVID-19 from the daily, weekly and seasonal variations as well as the
holiday events. The COVID-related decreases in CO2 emissions in road
transportation (340.4 Mt CO2, -15.5%), power (292.5 Mt CO2, -6.4% compared to
2019), industry (136.2 Mt CO2, -4.4%), aviation (92.8 Mt CO2, -28.9%),
residential (43.4 Mt CO2, -2.7%), and international shipping (35.9Mt CO2,
-15%). Regionally, decreases in China were the largest and earliest (234.5 Mt
CO2,-6.9%), followed by Europe (EU-27 & UK) (138.3 Mt CO2, -12.0%) and the U.S.
(162.4 Mt CO2, -9.5%). The declines of CO2 are consistent with regional
nitrogen oxides concentrations observed by satellites and ground-based
networks, but the calculated signal of emissions decreases (about 1Gt CO2) will
have little impacts (less than 0.13ppm by April 30, 2020) on the overserved
global CO2 concertation. However, with observed fast CO2 recovery in China and
partial re-opening globally, our findings suggest the longer-term effects on
CO2 emissions are unknown and should be carefully monitored using multiple
measures
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