Effect of Plectranthus Amboinicus Extract on BUN and Creatinine Levels and Cellular Response Proinflammatory Factors TNF-α and IL-1β on Gout Arthritis Patients

The purpose of this research was to develop anti-cytokine-based treatment using extract of Plectranthus amboinicus applied to gout arthritis (GA) patients. The research was quasi experimental, with a pretest-posttest randomized control group design. The samples were GA patientsin the Outpatient Installation of Internal Medicine in General Hospital Haji,Surabaya. The sample was comprised of 30 respondents. The respondents were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was asked to take medicine from the hospital, coupled with Plectranthus amboinicus extract capsules, for 7 days, during which time patients’ joint inflammation was observed. The control group was provided with only medication from the hospital, and their joint inflammation was likewise observed. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, to measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, as well as the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. There was a decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in the control group, but it was not significant, decreasing by 3% and 8%, respectively. The treatment group also showed elevated levels of BUN and creatinine, which also was not significant at 3% and 7%, respectively. There was a decrease in the concentration of TNF-α in the control group by 9% and 22%. The concentration of IL-1β in the control group increased by 18%, whereas,in the treatment group,it decreased by3%; however,the decreases in bothgroups were not significant

Antioxidant Supplement: is Taking Antioxidant Supplement Vitamin C and Vitamin E Provide Benefits Or Drawbacks?

Recently, antioxidant supplements, such as high doses of vitamin C and vitamin E have been widely used by many people. However, some researchers claim that antioxidant supplements do not help to prevent disease. The reliance on antioxidant supplements for preventing disease is a concern to some people. This paper will evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of taking vitamin C and E supplements by looking at the evidence for and against the use of antioxidant supplements, especially vitamin C and vitamin E. The result shows that there are still inconsistent results of using antioxidant supplements as disease prevention. Although much research has found that antioxidant supplements may have a beneficial effect, there still lack a significant outcome for the general population. Since antioxidant supplements are complex mixture of ingredients, a better option would be the intake of vitamin C and E, as a daily antioxidant, is consumed from fruits and vegetables. Taking a higher dose of antioxidant supplementation does not replace the need to eat a healthy diet. Fruits and vegetables are the best source of antioxidants compared with those antioxidant supplements which have too high a dose and may be harmful for people. The information about the benefits of a diet high in fruits and vegetables should be provided.Key words: antioxidant, dietary supplement, vitamin C, vitamin

Hubungan Sanitasi Rumah dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (Ispa) pada Anak Balita

Acute respiratory infections, together with malnutrition and diarrheal disease, constitute the most common cause of illness and death among children under five years age in developing countries. Acute respiratory infection also becomes the major health problem in Indonesia. Host, environmental and sociocultural-related variables may act independently or in concert with other variables to influence the incidence and severity of acute respiratory infection. Poor housing conditions are associated with a wide range of health condition, including respiratory infection. The aim of this article was to compare the result of relationship between housing sanitation and acute respiratory infection studies in three different areas, in Penjaringan Sari Rungkut District, Surabaya (Yusuf, 2004), in Sidomulyo village Buduran district, Sidoarjo (Suryanto. 2003) and in Tual Village Kei Kecil district, Southeast Maluku (Toanubun, 2003). The housing variables included ventilation, dampness, people density in house, natural lighting and temperature. Natural lighting subvariable also gave significant difference in two areas, Sidomulyo and Penjaringan Sari. All of these studies had the same result in ventilation variable and people density. Ventilation and people density were significanlyt associated with acute respiratory infenction (Chi square, p < 0.05). Dampness variable had significant difference between Tual area and Penjaringan Sari, while in Sidomulyo there was no significant difference. Housing sanitation is important determinant in health, especially in acute respiratory infection among children under five years old. Improving housing sanitation is needed to reduce infectious disease. Keywords: acute respiratory infection, children under five years old, housing sanitation

Kontribusi Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Dan Dukungan Suami Pada Riwayat Asi Eksklusif Bayi Umur 6 Sampai 12 Bulan

World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) provide recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until the child aged 6 months and continued until the child aged 2 years. Exclusive breastfeeding has many benefits, however its practice remains low which can be caused by several factor, such as early initiation of breastfeeding and the husband support. This study aims to analyze the relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding and husband suppport with the exclusive breastfeeding history for infants aged 0 to 6 months old in the area of Brambang Public Health Center, Jombang district. The study design was cross sectional. The sample was mothers with infants aged 6 to 12 months as much as 77 respondents in area of Brambang Public Health Center, Jombang district. Subjects were taken using simple random sampling. Information in the study obtained through direct interviews with questionnaires to mothers. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the relationship between early initiation and the husband support with exclusive breastfeeding history. The result showed that there was a relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding (p=0,000) and husband support (p=0,000) with exclusive breastfeeding history. The result showed that early initiation of breastfeeding and husband support could increase the tendency of exclusive breastfeeding. It suggested to improve the early initiation of breastfeeding in maternity hospitals and improve husband support by involving husband during breastfeeding counseling

Hubungan Jenis Suplemen Yang Dikonsumsi Dengan Usia Kehamilan, Lama Persalinan, Dan Jenis Persalinan

Women labor process consists of several stages which each of it has risk to unspontaneous labor that need assistance, such as vaccum, induction, forcep, and section caesarean. The risk could be worsened by maternal anemia or low Hb concentration. Reducing anemia can be done by iron and folic acid (IFA) and multimicronutrients (MMN) supplementation. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between type of supplement with gestational age, duration of labor, and type of labor. The study design used was cross sectional. The population is mother in delivery who has given the supplement when they were pregnant. The population were spread in 9 sub-districts in Probolinggo district. The sample was 60 respondents that selected by simple random sampling. Data analysis used was chi square. The result showed that the duration of respondents' labor, both IFA (73.3%) or MMN (83,3%) were in aterm category, that is 37-42 weeks. Duration of labor was categorized in non-prolonged labor or less than 24 hours (IFA=100%, MMN=93.3%). The most common type of labor is spontaneous without assistance (IFA=70.0%, MMN=66.7%). There is no correlation between type of supplement with gestational age (p = 0,144), duration of labor (p = 0,492), and type of labor (p = 0,492). This research suggest that further research should be carried out regarding factors that strongly effect gestational age, duration of labor, and types of labor such as Hb level, consumption pattern, and supplement consumption methods

Hubungan Konsumsi Suplemen Dan Frekuensi Pemeriksaan Kehamilan Dengan Komplikasi Kehamilan

Complication of pregnancy can be induced by anemia in pregnancy which can be caused by deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron, folic acid, minerals and other vitamins. Complication of pregnancy can be prevented by doing routine antenatal care because pregnant women got a supplement to prevent anemia. This study was conducted to analyze the association of the type of supplement and the frequency of antenatal care to complication of pregnancy in Probolinggo district. This was a case control study. Sample taken was 57 people consist of 19 pregnant women who had complication of pregnancy and 38 pregnant women who did not have complication of pregnancy. Three types of supplements that consumed by pregnant women who had complication of pregnancy and pregnant women who did not have complication of pregnancy were in balance proportion (MMN=33,3%, IFA=31,6% and TTD=35,1%). Pregnant women who had complication of pregnancy were doing less than four visits of antenatal care. Types of supplement did not show significant association to complication of pregnancy (p=0,713, while frequency of antenatal care had significant association to complication of pregnancy (p=0,001). Pregnant women should do routine antenatal care to prevent complication of pregnancy

Frekuensi Kunjungan Posyandu Dan Riwayat Kenaikan Berat Badan Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 3 – 5 Tahun

Stunting is a chronic nutrition problem that requires precise intervention. Risk factors of stunting are need to be assessed to find the solution, such as attendance rate in integrated health post (posyandu) and weight gain. This was a case control study done in children aged 3-5 years old in Sidoarum village, Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique with total 43 respondents in each group. Stunting is categorized based on the value of the z-score of height for age less than -2 SD. Primary data was obtained by interview, while attendance rate in integrated health post and weight gain were obtained through secondary data that is growth monitoring card (KMS) and monthly reports of integrated health post. Statistic test used for bivariate analysis was Chi-square and Multiple Logistic Regression for multivariate analysis. Result of bivariate analysis found that attendance rate in integrated health post and weight gain are related to stunting. Result showed that a low rate of attendance in integrated health post is the most dominant factor for the incidence of stunting in children aged 3-5 years (OR = 3.1, CI 95%= 1,268-7,623). This study concluded that children who are less active to come to integrated health post have 3.1 times higher risk of stunting compared to children who are actively come to integrated health pos