Arpc1b Gene Is a Candidate Prediction Marker for Choroidal Malignant Melanomas Sensitive to Radiotherapy

PURPOSE. Choroidal malignant melanomas (CMMs) are the most common primary intraocular tumors in adult humans. Although radiotherapy is commonly used to treat the melanomas, the therapeutic effects are unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to search for a gene(s) that can predict the success of radiotherapy for CMMs.METHODS. The cell lines 92-1, OCM-1, and OMM-1 were established from patients with CMM, and radiation sensitivity was determined using the colony-formation assay. RNA was extracted from nonirradiated cells, and gene expression analysis was performed using a microarray containing 10,800 genes. The up- or downregulated genes were verified by real-time PCR using other cancerous cell lines in which radiation sensitivity had been documented.RESULTS. Analysis of radiation survival curves showed that cell line 92-1 was radiation sensitive and OCM-1 and OMM-1 lines were radiation resistant. The results of microarray analyses showed that 34 genes were differentially expressed in the OCM-1 and OMM-1 cell lines compared with the 92-1 cell line. The validity of the expression level of 13 of the 34 genes that were identified by microarray was confirmed by PCR. From the analysis of the different radio-sensitivity cancer cell lines, the Arpc1b gene was selected as a prediction marker gene for sensitivity of CMM to radiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS. Gene expression analysis of CMM cell lines can be used to search for radiation sensitivity prediction markers. Comprehensive gene expression profiles of radiationsensitive and/or resistant cell lines may provide new insights into the mechanisms of resistance or sensitivity to radiation therapy

MicroRNA-196a-5p is a potential prognostic marker of delayed lymph node metastasis in early-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma

MicroRNAs (miRs) are expected to serve as prognostic tools for cancer. However, many miRs have been reported as prognostic markers of recurrence or metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to determine the prognostic markers in early‑stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that miR‑10a, 10b, 196a‑5p, 196a‑3p, and 196b were prognostic markers and we retrospectively performed miR expression analyses using formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded sections of surgical specimens. Total RNA was isolated from cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue as control, and samples were collected by laser‑capture microdissection. After cDNA synthesis, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Statistical analyses for patient clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence/metastasis, and survival rates were performed to discern their relationships with miR expression levels, and the 2‑ΔΔCq method was used. miR‑196a‑5p levels were significantly upregulated in early‑stage TSCC, particularly in the lymph node metastasis (LNM) group. The LNM‑free survival rate in the low miR‑196a‑5p ΔΔCq value regulation group was found to be lower than that in the high ΔΔCq value regulation group (P=0.0079). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of ΔΔCq values revealed that miR‑196a‑5p had a P‑value=0.0025, area under the curve=0.740, and a cut‑off value=‑0.875 for distinguishing LNM. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine LNM‑related miRs in early‑stage TSCC as well as miRs and ‘delayed LNM’ in head and neck cancer. miR‑196a‑5p upregulation may predict delayed LNM. Our data serve as a foundation for future studies to evaluate miR levels and facilitate the prediction of delayed LNM during early‑stage TSCC, which prevent metastasis when combined with close follow‑up and aggressive adjuvant therapy or elective neck dissection. Moreover, our data will serve as a foundation for future studies to evaluate whether miR‑196a‑5p can serve as a therapeutic marker for preventing metastasis

Triple primary malignancies of surface osteosarcoma of jaw, myelodysplastic syndrome and colorectal cancer as a second primary cancer detected by PET2‑[18F]‑fluoro‑2‑deoxy‑D‑glucose positron emission tomography : A case report

Second primary malignancy (SPM) is a severe issue for cancer survivors, particularly for osteosarcoma (OS) survivors. To date, the associations between subsequent SPM and OS have been well reported. Hematogenic and solid malignancies tend to occur following OS treatment. Reportedly, 2‑[18F]‑fluoro‑2‑deoxy‑D‑glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‑PET) is mainly used in OS patients for initial cancer staging, to evaluate the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and when recurrence or metastasis is clinically suspected. The present case report describes a 70‑year‑old man diagnosed with three primary malignancies: jaw OS, myelodysplastic syndrome and colorectal adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of malignancies has not been reported previously. Until now, there is no specific protocol of postoperative FDG‑PET for OS patients. Few studies have described OS follow‑up methods; therefore, there is no consensus on proper follow‑up methods. In the present case report, the colorectal early‑stage SPM was observed, without any symptoms, by FDG‑PET/computed tomography. To avoid overlooking solid SPMs, it is suggested that FDG‑PET should be performed in the long‑term follow‑up of OS patients