Time is Not a River\u27 The Implications of Mumbo Jumbo\u27s Pendulum Chronology for Coalition Politics

Ismael Reed\u27s 1972 novel, Mumbo Jumbo, proposes a unique chronological theory that requires a multiple-grounded understanding of time. An analysis of what could be called this pendulum chronology leads to a more complete understanding of the novel and has important implications for a coalition of American ethnic studies and other identity-related work in the academy

Gender Needs Assessment for Kumasi, Ghana

In September 2000, Ghana was one of 189 signatories to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This gender needs assessment focuses on the Millennium Development Goal of gender equality and women‟s empowerment (MDG 3), and whether Kumasi, Ghana‟s second largest city, can achieve both objectives by 2015. MDG 3 specifically seeks to eliminate gender inequality at all levels of education by 2015, but gender equality and women‟s empowerment entail much more. They require equality of economic opportunity, equitable representation in political bodies, access to reproductive rights and freedom from gender-based violence

Effect of walking distance on the change in ankle-brachial pressure index in patients with intermittent claudication

Objectives:The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) responses to different exercise intensities on a treadmill were evaluated to clarify the relationship between intermittent claudication and the haemodynamics in the leg.Patients and methods:Thirty patients with intermittent claudication (32 symptomatic legs) due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease were exercised on a treadmill to determine their pain-free walking distance, maximum walking distance (MWD) and recovery time. Each subject was exercised at 25% and 50% of the MWD to determine the effect of work intensity on the drop in ABPI, and the recovery time.Results:In the claudicating legs, 25% of the MWD resulted in almost the same reduction in ABPI as 50% of the MWD, and the MWD. In contrast, the ABPI in the asymptomatic legs (13) was significantly decreased in proportion to the walking distance. The recovery time increased linearly in both the groups, as the walking distance increased.Conclusion:The recovery time of the ABPI correlated well with the intensity of workload, while the drop in ABPI did not

Measurement of spinal cord blood flow by an inhalation method and intraarterial injection of hydrogen gas

AbstractPurpose: This study was performed to determine spinal cord blood flow using the H2 clearance method.Methods: In 12 dogs we measured blood flow determined by hydrogen clearance techniques (BF) in both gray and white matter by spinal cord puncture, and compared the results with BF measured by a catheter inserted intrathecally to avoid spinal cord injury. We studied direct intraarterial and intravenous injection of hydrogen in addition to the inhalation method because hydrogen is an explosive gas.Results: BF measured intrathecally with catheters adherent to either the ventral or the dorsal funiculus did not differ significantly from that of the gray matter. BF measured with a catheter inserted into the epidural space was about one fourth of the BF measured intrathecally. Values measured by the intraarterial injection method did not differ significantly from those obtained by the inhalation method.Conclusions: BF measured with a catheter inserted intrathecally reflects blood flow in the gray matter of the spinal cord. Using intraarterial injection of H2, BF was safely and accurately measured while avoiding the risk of explosion. (J Vasc Surg 1997;26:623-8.