Additional file 2: of δ-Tocotrienol feeding modulates gene expression of EIF2, mTOR, protein ubiquitination through multiple-signaling pathways in chronic hepatitis C patients

Table S2. Effect of d-tocotrienol on down-regulation of gene expression of "Molecules" (76-150) of IPA analyses in hepatitis C patients. (XLS 68 kb

Additional file 3: of δ-Tocotrienol feeding modulates gene expression of EIF2, mTOR, protein ubiquitination through multiple-signaling pathways in chronic hepatitis C patients

Table S3. Effect of d-tocotrienol on down-regulation of gene expression of "Molecules" (151-220) of IPA analyses in hepatitis C patients. (XLS 67 kb

Treatment of U937 macrophages with MA ± LPS resulted in increased translocation of the p50 subunit of NF-κB.

<p>1×10⁶ U937 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages with 100 nM PMA for 48 h. Cells were treated with MA at 0, 24 and 48 h then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 3 h. Cytosolic and nuclear protein fractions were purified by electrophoresis on 10% SDS gel and transfer to a PVDF membrane. The cytosolic fractions and nuclear fractions are shown in a representative western blot. The expression of the p50 subunit was normalized to the appropriate compartmental housekeeping genes (Lamin B for nucleus and GAPDH for cytoplasm). The means and SE values are from three independent experiments.</p

An inhibitor of NF-kB abrogates cytokine/chemokine expression induced by MA ± LPS.

<p>(A–C)1×10⁶ U937 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages with 100 nM PMA for 48 h. IKK2 inhibitor SC-514 was added 1 h before each MA exposure at 0, 24, 48 h. Cells were treated with LPS and the final dose of MA and then harvested after 3 h for RNA isolation and real time RT-PCR analysis. The mRNA expression levels were compared to untreated control. (D–F) For cytokine protein levels, cell supernatants were harvested 24 h after the last MA ± LPS treatment. The protein concentrations were normalized by subtracting values of control or inhibitor only. The means and SE values are from three independent experiments. *:p<0.05; **: p<0.01 comparing to MA/LPS/LPS+MA treatment as positive controls.</p