Davidson's survival rates for <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> females dissected, number of malaria cases, log rainfall, density of adult female mosquitoes and of epidemiologically dangerous mosquitoes.

<p>Data was obtained in Sideroad 19, from different collection periods, from August, 2003, to July, 2004. Number of malaria cases were obtained from January 2002 to December 2004.</p

Yates-corrected chi-square statistics between number of nulliparous and parous <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> in different collection periods.

<p>Significant results are indicated:</p><p>*Bonferroni corrected P<0.05;</p><p>**Bonferroni corrected P<0.001.</p

Number of nulliparous and parous <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> females dissected in different collection periods, from August, 2003, to July, 2004.

<p>Percent parous, Davidson's survival rates, probabilities of surviving <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> sporogony, expectations of life and mean <i>An. darlingi</i> biting densities were determined.</p

Sporogonic cycle durations for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>P. malariae</i>, probability of surviving sporogony, density of dangerously aged <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> and probability of surviving sporogony ratios between these species and <i>P. vivax</i>.

<p>Sporogonic cycle durations for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>P. malariae</i>, probability of surviving sporogony, density of dangerously aged <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> and probability of surviving sporogony ratios between these species and <i>P. vivax</i>.</p

Number of dilatations in collections of <i>Anopheles darlingi</i> collected in January and July, 2004.

<p>* = Presented sac-like dilatations and counting could not be performed because abortive ovarioles were not encountered.</p><p>** = using a 2.43 and 2.19 day long cycle in January and July, respectively.</p

Total monthly rainfall (mm/m²), number of wet days, from August 2003–July, 2004.

<p>The cumulative number of malaria cases per month diagnosed from January 2002 to December 2004 are also shown.</p

Mean (SE) proportion of CHIKV saliva infection in <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> of Key West, Macapá, Okeechobee and Rio de Janeiro populations at 2, 5 and 13 days post-infection.

<p>Mean (SE) proportion of CHIKV saliva infection in <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> of Key West, Macapá, Okeechobee and Rio de Janeiro populations at 2, 5 and 13 days post-infection.</p

Estimated effects of the population origin, species and days post-infection on dissemination rates and viral titer of chikungunya virus in <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i>.

<p>Bold entries indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).</p

Mosquito populations used in this study by country of collection from Brazil and the United States.

<p>Mosquito populations used in this study by country of collection from Brazil and the United States.</p

Chikungunya virus vector competency of Brazilian and Florida mosquito vectors

<div><p>Chikungunya virus is a vector-borne alphavirus transmitted by the bites of infected female <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i>. In Brazil between 2014 and 2016 almost 320 thousand autochthonous human cases were reported and in Florida numerous imported CHIKV viremic cases (> 3,800) demonstrate the potential high risk to establishment of local transmission. In the present study, we carried out a series of experiments to determine the viral dissemination and transmission rates of different Brazilian and Florida populations of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> at 2, 5, and 13 days post-infection for the emergent Asian genotype of CHIKV. Our results show that all tested populations of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> have a high proportion (> 0.80) of individuals with disseminated infection as early as 2 days-post exposure. We found no significant treatment effects of mosquito population origin effects on viral dissemination rates. Transmission rates had a heterogeneous pattern, with US <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and Brazilian <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> having the highest proportion of individuals with successful infection (respectively 0.50 and 0.82 as early as 2 days-post infection). Model results found significant effects of population origin, population origin x species, population origin x days post-infection and population origin x species x days post infection.</p></div