The Genotyping of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD-d) in Malaria Endemic South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Eastern Indonesia

Approximately 18 million people live in malaria-endemic areas with 218,450 reported confirmed cases and 161 reported deaths in Indonesia. Currently, primaquine (PQ), the 8-aminoquinolines, is still the only drug for radical cure and preventing relapse of malaria. However, the individuals with G6PD deficiency (G6PD-d) have risk of hemolysis. Currently, few data of the prevalence of G6PD-d and genotyping are available. This study will provide the prevalence of G6PD-d and the genotyping in malaria cases in South Central Timor (TTS) district. G6PD status was analyzed with quantitative (Randox G6PD test, UK) follow with PCR-RFLP and sequencing to identify the variant of G6PD-d genotyping. Malaria was confirmed by n-PCR (Promega, Madison, USA). A total 64 of 181 individuals with G6PD-d from South Central Timor (TTS) district were analyzed. About 25 of 64 cases of G6PD-d were tested positive for malaria with P. vivax as the dominant species 56% (14/25) and most of the cases were female 73.3% (11/15). Among the 64 G6PD-d the genotyping Vanua Lava (10,883 T>C) WHO classifies G6PD-d genetic variants class II with severe deficiency <10% the enzyme activity were dominant. The variant of Vanua Lava is dominant and the high G6PD-d indicated that screening for G6PD deficiency is necessary

The Health State of Patients with Diabetes During the COVID-19 Transition Period

This study aims to identify the health status of diabetic patients and related factors related to the COVID-19 transition period. This study used a cross-sectional design. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between the length of illness (p= 0.003) and body mass index (p= 0.026) with health status scores. Vaccination history and other characteristics have no relationship with the patient's health. However, length of illness, body mass index, age, and level of education can significantly predict the patient's health. Measures of condition, body mass index, age, and level of education can be used to indicate a patient's state of health, with the duration of illness having a more significant effect. In conclusion, the health state during the transition from pandemic to endemic, according to the perception of people with diabetes mellitus, was good, the vaccination program must be continued, and community support, especially for cadres, is practical to improve the management of diabetics. Keywords: Health status, Diabetes Mellitus, Vaccinatio

HUBUNGAN KELAHIRAN KEMBAR DENGAN KEMATIAN NEONATAL DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2012

Background: Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) is one indicator of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contributes to the infant mortality rate. Twin birth is one of the risk factors for neonatal death, 6 times compared to single birth. The possibility of an increase in twin birth rates, and the high risk posed, could contribute negatively to efforts to reduce neonatal deaths in Indonesia.Objective: This study aims to determine the proportion of twin births, also analyzing association of twin birth with neonatal mortalityMethod: This study used the 2012 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS), a cross-sectional designs that covers all provinces. The population was all children born alive in 2007-2012 from women of childbearing age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample was 15,083 live births. Result: The twin births rate in Indonesia by 14 per 1,000 births, increased from previous study 7,2 per 1.000 births in 1997-2007. There was significant association between twin births with neonatal mortality (POR 2,39; 95% CI 1,43-4,01; p-value 0,00), after controlled parity and birth weight. Conclusion: The proportion of twin births in Indonesia has increased almost doubled. Twins is high risk of neonatal death because they are born with low birth weight

Joint effect of high blood pressure and physical inactive on diabetes mellitus: a population-based crosssectional survey

Introduction. The relationship of high blood pressure and physi- cal inactivity to diabetes mellitus is well known, but not many studies have known the joint effect of the two in causing diabetes mellitus. This study aims to evaluate the joint effect of high blood pressure and less physical activity against Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects in this study were the age group ≥ 21 years old who were followed by the interview. We investigated factors related to DM in Indonesia associated with blood pressure and physical activity by controlling other confounding variables. Statistical analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Age, sex, education level, marital status, occupation, body mass index, residence area, stress, fruit, and vegetable consumption were adjusted for in the multivariate model. Results. The prevalence of DM was 3.86% among respondents. Multivariate analysis showed that people who had hypertension and less physical activity had a risk of 3.68 (95% CI, 2.43-5.34) times having DM. People who had hypertension and enough physical activity had a risk of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.65-6.43) times having DM. While people who do not have hypertension and had less physical activity had a risk of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.34-3.62) times. Conclusions. People with hypertension and less physical activity have the greatest risk of developing DM

Chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: evidence from a national health survey

Objectives Several previous studies have stated that consuming certain foods and beverages might increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the relationships of food and beverage consumption with other risk factors for CKD. Methods Data sources included the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) and the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), which were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. The study samples were households from 34 provinces in Indonesia, and the analysis was performed with provincial aggregates. Data were analyzed using risk factor analysis followed by linear regression to identify relationships with CKD. Results The prevalence of CKD in Indonesia was 0.38%. The province with the highest prevalence was North Kalimantan (0.64%), while the lowest was found in West Sulawesi (0.18%). Five major groups were formed from 15 identified risk factors using factor analysis. A linear regression model presented 1 significant selected factor (p=0.006, R2=31%). The final model of risk factors included water quality, consumption of fatty foods, and a history of diabetes. Conclusion Drinking water quality, fatty food consumption, and diabetes are associated with CKD. There is a need to monitor drinking water, as well as to promote health education and provide comprehensive services for people with diabetes, to prevent CKD