Downward Vertical Gaze Palsy As A Prominent Manifestation Of Episodic Ataxia Type 2: A Case Report

How to Cite This Article: Shervin Badv R, Niksirat A. Downward Vertical Gaze Palsy As A Prominent Manifestation Of Episodic Ataxia Type 2: A Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):58- 60. ObjectiveEpisodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intermittent ataxia, nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, or nystagmus.We report a case of EA2, which downward gaze palsy exists as a common sign in all her attacks. Responsiveness of EA2 to acetazolamide was observed in this patient. ReferencesOuvrier R, Aicardi J. Disorders of the peripheral nerves. In: Aicardi J, Bax M, Gillberg C, editors.Diseases of the nervous system in Childhood. 3rd ed. London: Mackeith Press; 2009.Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, Schor NF. Pediatric neurology: principles & practice. 5th ed. London: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.National Ataxia Foundation. Minneapolis: National Ataxia Foundation; 2007 (cited 2007 Feb). Available from: URL: http://www.ataxia.org.Subramony SH, Schott K, Raike RS, Callahan J, Langford LR, Christova PS, et al. Novel CACNA1A mutation causes febrile episodic ataxia with interictal cerebellar deficits. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(6):725-31.Brunt ER, van Weerden TW. Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic ataxia and continuous myokymia. Brain 1990;113(5):1361-82.Jen J. Familial Episodic Ataxias and Related Ion Channel Disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2000;2(5):429-31.Fenichel M. Clinical Pediatric Neurology: A Signs and Symptoms Approach. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2009. P.227-247.Griggs RC, Moxley RT 3rd, Lafrance RA, McQuillen J. Hereditary paroxysmal ataxia: response to Acetazolamide. Neurology 1978;28(12):1259-64.Scoggan KA, Friedman JH, Bulman DE. CACNA1A mutation in a EA-2 patient responsive to acetazolamide and valproic acid. Can J Neurol Sci 2006;33(1):68-72.Kim JM, Kim JS, Ki CS, Jeon BS. Episodic Ataxia Type 2 due to a Deletion Mutation in the CACNA1A Gene in a Korean Family. J Clin Neurol 2006;2(4):268-71.Bain PG, O’Brien MD, Keevil SF, Porter DA. Familial periodic cerebellar ataxia: a problem of cerebellar intracellular pH homeostasis. Ann Neurol 1992;31(2):147-54.Gancher ST, Nutt JG. Autosomal dominant episodic ataxia: a heterogeneous syndrome. Mov Disord. 1986;1(4):239-53.Lubbers WJ, Brunt ER, Scheffer H, Litt M, Stulp R, Browne DL, et al. Hereditary myokymia and paroxysmal ataxia linked to chromosome 12 is responsive to acetazolamide. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;59(4):400-5.Shapiro MS, Gomeza J, Hamilton SE, Hille B, Loose MD, Nathanson NM, et al. Identification of subtypes of muscarinic receptors that regulate Ca2+ and K+ channel activity in sympathetic neurons. Life Sci 2001;68(22-23):2481-7.Baloh RW. Episodic vertigo: Central nervous system causes. Curropin Neurol 2002;15(1):17-21VanDyke DH, Griggs RC, Murphy MJ, Goldstein MN. Hereditary myokymia and periodic ataxia. J Neurolog Sci 1975;25(1):109-18.Jen J, Kim GW, Baloh RW. Clinical spectrum of episodic ataxia type 2. Neurology 2004;62(1):17-22.Singhvi JP, Prabhakar S, Singh P. Episodic ataxia: a case report and review of literature. Neurol India 2000;48(1):78-80.

Revisiting the Design Agenda for Privacy Notices and Security Warnings

System-generated user-facing notices, dialogs, and warnings in privacy and security interventions present the opportunity to support users in making informed decisions about identified risks. However, too often, they are bypassed, ignored, and mindlessly clicked through, mainly in connection to the well-studied effect of user fatigue and habituation. The contribution of this position paper is to provide a summarized review of established and emergent design dimensions and principles to limit such risk-prone behavior, and to identify three emergent research and design directions for privacy-enhancing dialogs

Revisiting the Design Agenda for Privacy Notices and Security Warnings

System-generated user-facing notices, dialogs, and warnings in privacy and security interventions present the opportunity to support users in making informed decisions about identified risks. However, too often, they are bypassed, ignored, and mindlessly clicked through, mainly in connection to the well-studied effect of user fatigue and habituation. The contribution of this position paper is to provide a summarized review of established and emergent design dimensions and principles to limit such risk-prone behavior, and to identify three emergent research and design directions for privacy-enhancing dialogs.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, Workshop on Privacy Interventions and Education (PIE): Encouraging Privacy Protective Behavioral Change Online, ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 23-28 April 2023, Hamburg, German

On the Role and Form of Personal Information Disclosure in Cyberbullying Incidents

oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_9686FB9915EBDisclosing personal information significantly increases the likelihood of cyberbullying incidents, highlighting the significance of investigating the relationships between various stakeholders in cyberbullying incidents. Our objective is to gain insights into the role of different stakeholders, types, and typical paths of personal information in cyberbullying incidents. To achieve this, we conducted a large-scale survey with a representative sample of internet users from the United States and Nigeria (N = 1555). Our findings indicate that cyberbullying is often fueled by personal information which becomes known to other stakeholders directly or through social media. Additionally, cyberbullying incidents involve more than just attackers and victims; they can involve other stakeholders as third-party ‘disclosers’. Both strangers and friends typically engage in such activity. Finally, cyberbullying incidents are twice as common in Nigeria as in the United States. Our findings have implications for design, social media literacy programs, and policy

Infection of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.) with Corynosoma strumosum in Gomishan Lagoon

To study infection of Three-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (14 we sampled 530 specimens of the fish during November 2000 till October 2001 in Gomishan Lagoon, southeast of Caspian Sea. The fish were collected using beach seines with 3mm mesh size. The specimens were transferred to lab fresh or fixed in 10% formalin and examined by standard methods. Numbers of parasites for each male or female were recorded and intensity, frequency and prevalence of the parasite for each month and sex were calculated. Maximum infection occurred in late winter and early spring and the maximum number of parasites was 82, obtained from a female fish in early spring

The effects of extender type, freezing and thawing rates on fertility of the cryopreserved semen of the Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius)

Cryopreservation of semen from the Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and effects of extender type, freezing and thawing rates on fertilization ability were studied. After assessment of semen quality, one part of semen was diluted with three parts of different extender and decanted into 0.5ml straws. Freezing was carried out at two freezing levels, 1.5cm and 2cm above surface of liquid nitrogen. The semen was thawed at 5°C for 90s, 15°C for 45s or 25°C for 30s in water baths and used for fertilization. Using the extender: 0.3 M glucose+10% methanol+10% egg yolk, and 0.6 M sucrose 10% DMSO + 10% egg yolk, yielded the highest post-thaw fertilization rates, with 67.05%±8.76 and 59.78%±5.08 eyeing rates, respectively. No significant differences were found in the fertilization rates with two freezing levels (P>0.05), however eyeing and hatching rates were higher for 2cm above the surface of the liquid nitrogen than for 1.5cm. Thawing of cryopreserved semen was best using the 25°C water bath for 30s and significant differences were seen in the eyeing rates between 25°C and 5°C or 15°C (P<0.05). Significant interactions (P<0.05) were found between effects of extender type and thawing rates and extender type and freezing rates