Ultra-short of pico and femtosecond soliton laser pulse using microring resonator for cancer cells treatment

A system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system is presented in which ultra-short single and multi temporal and spatial optical soliton pulses can be simulated and used to thermalbased killing of abnormal cells, tumor and cancer, applicable in nanomedical treatments. This proposed system uses chaotic signals generated by a bright soliton pulse within a nonlinear MRRs system. Interaction between gold nanoparticles and ultra-short femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses holds great interest in laser nanomedicine. By using the appropriate soliton input power and MRRs parameters, required spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Results obtained show that smallest single temporal and spatial soliton pulse with FWHM = 712 fs and FWHM = 17.5 pm could be generated respectively. The add/drop filter system is used to generate high capacity ultra-short soliton pulses in the range of nanometer/second and picometer/second

Low-Power Wireless for the Internet of Things: Standards and Applications: Internet of Things, IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth, Physical layer, Medium Access Control,coexistence, mesh networking, cyber-physical systems, WSN, M2M

International audienceThe proliferation of embedded systems, wireless technologies, and Internet protocols have enabled the Internet of Things (IoT) to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world through enabling the monitoring and actuation of the physical world controlled by data processing systems. Wireless technologies, despite their offered convenience, flexibility, low cost, and mobility pose unique challenges such as fading, interference, energy, and security, which must be carefully addressed when using resource-constrained IoT devices. To this end, the efforts of the research community have led to the standardization of several wireless technologies for various types of application domains depending on factors such as reliability, latency, scalability, and energy efficiency. In this paper, we first overview these standard wireless technologies, and we specifically study the MAC and physical layer technologies proposed to address the requirements and challenges of wireless communications. Furthermore, we explain the use of these standards in various application domains, such as smart homes, smart healthcare, industrial automation, and smart cities, and discuss their suitability in satisfying the requirements of these applications. In addition to proposing guidelines to weigh the pros and cons of each standard for an application at hand, we also examine what new strategies can be exploited to overcome existing challenges and support emerging IoT applications

Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network Communication

A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presentedto generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/dropfilter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ringon the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulseof optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where theinput Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop portof the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connectedto a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can beused to generate high capacity quantum codes within series ofMRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signalsknown as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system.Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an opticalcommunication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm,1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the systemrespectively. These results used to be transmitted through aquantum signal processor via an optical computer networkcommunication link

Digital Binary Codes Transmission via TDMA Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton

In this study, new system of microring resonator forquantum cryptography in network communication is proposed.optical potential well can be generated and propagate via anonlinear modified add/drop interferometer systemincorporated with a beam splitter and a time division multipleaccess (TDMA) system wherein the quantum binary codes canbe generated, propagated and transmitted. A system known asoptical multiplexer can be used to increase the channel capacityand security of the signals, where the beam splitters generatehigh capacity of binary codes within the proposed system.Therefore, ring resonator system is used to form the opticalpotential wells. The multiplexed potential wells are formed andtransmit via an available link, where the logic codes can be sentout with different time, used for high capacity transmission ofthe secured data. In this work narrow pulses with FHHM of 9.57nm and 8 nm could be obtained from the drop and throughports of the add/drop interferometer system respectively. Theoutputs of different center wavelengths are combined and usedto generate multiple potential well signals, where the multiplesignals with FWHM and FSR of 0.8 nm and 5 nm could beobtained respectively. Digital codes can be generated andtransmitted via communication networks systems such as timedivision multiple access (TDMA) using dark and bright solitonpulses with FHHM and FSR of 0.54 nm and 4.71 nm

The case for studying other planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres in Heliophysics

Heliophysics is the field that "studies the nature of the Sun, and how it influences the very nature of space - and, in turn, the atmospheres of planetary bodies and the technology that exists there." However, NASA's Heliophysics Division tends to limit study of planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to only those of Earth. This leaves exploration and understanding of space plasma physics at other worlds to the purview of the Planetary Science and Astrophysics Divisions. This is detrimental to the study of space plasma physics in general since, although some cross-divisional funding opportunities do exist, vital elements of space plasma physics can be best addressed by extending the expertise of Heliophysics scientists to other stellar and planetary magnetospheres. However, the diverse worlds within the solar system provide crucial environmental conditions that are not replicated at Earth but can provide deep insight into fundamental space plasma physics processes. Studying planetary systems with Heliophysics objectives, comprehensive instrumentation, and new grant opportunities for analysis and modeling would enable a novel understanding of fundamental and universal processes of space plasma physics. As such, the Heliophysics community should be prepared to consider, prioritize, and fund dedicated Heliophysics efforts to planetary targets to specifically study space physics and aeronomy objectives

Modeling and simulation to extend fibre optic communication signal transmission using micro ring resonator

Long-distance communication systems use high-bit-rate optical fibre, where dispersion and distortion of the signals cause technical difficulties and problems which have to be dealt with in order to optimize the efficiency and the reliability of such systems. Applying soliton transmission is an interesting method due mainly to its potential capability to overcome the effect of fibre dispersion and to provide all optical transmission systems. Optical solitons can be formed when a balance has been established between self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion within the regime of anomalous dispersion. The consequent governing wave equation is of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) type. In this thesis, a system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter is presented as a soliton pulse generator. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse and bright soliton propagating inside a nonlinear MRR system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a set of microring resonators, suitable for long distance communications. The obtained results show comparison of laser and generated solitonic signals over several distances. Then, the generation of solitonic signals using add/drop filter system connected to a series of micro ring resonators is demonstrated and the output of this model is compared to various disposition of the Bit Error Rate (BER) for soliton versus laser signals over 25, 50 and 100 Km distances. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems such as wireless personal area networks and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fibre optics, amplifier, and receiver

Modeling and simulation to extend fibre optic communication signal transmission using micro ring resonator

Long-distance communication systems use high-bit-rate optical fibre, where dispersion and distortion of the signals cause technical difficulties and problems which have to be dealt with in order to optimize the efficiency and the reliability of such systems. Applying soliton transmission is an interesting method due mainly to its potential capability to overcome the effect of fibre dispersion and to provide all optical transmission systems. Optical solitons can be formed when a balance has been established between self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion within the regime of anomalous dispersion. The consequent governing wave equation is of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) type. In this thesis, a system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter is presented as a soliton pulse generator. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse and bright soliton propagating inside a nonlinear MRR system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a set of microring resonators, suitable for long distance communications. The obtained results show comparison of laser and generated solitonic signals over several distances. Then, the generation of solitonic signals using add/drop filter system connected to a series of micro ring resonators is demonstrated and the output of this model is compared to various disposition of the Bit Error Rate (BER) for soliton versus laser signals over 25, 50 and 100 Km distances. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems such as wireless personal area networks and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fibre optics, amplifier, and receiver

Decimal convertor application for optical wireless communication by generating of dark and bright signals of soliton

Two systems consist of microring resonators (MRRs) and an add/drop filter are used to generate signals as localized multi wavelengths. Quantum dense encoding can be performed by output signals of selected wavelengths incorporated to a polarization control system. Therefore dark and bright optical soliton pulses with different time slot are generated. They can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system propagating along a wireless networks. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55 m to 1.56 m with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively. Keywords- Micro Ring Resonator, Quantum Dense Coding (QDC), Wireless network communication system

IEEE 802.15.3C WPAN standard using millimeter optical soliton pulse generated by a panda ring resonator

A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/ drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver

Effects of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative stress and TNF-α gene expression in diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, such as diclofenac, can lead to hepatotoxicity. In the present study, protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (control group) was treated with normal saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) for 4 d. Group 2 (test without treatment) received diclofenac only (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 d. Groups 3 and 4 received diclofenac (50 mg/kg, i.p.) plus NAC (150 mg/kg, p.o) and silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) for 4 d, respectively. At the end of experiment, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid profile, uric acid, protein carbonyl content, MDA, liver TNF-α, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, liver catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamin C, and histopathological examination were done. In group 2, diclofenac caused a significant increase (p < .05) in the levels of serum ALP, GOT, GPT, TNF-α, uric acid, protein carbonyl content, MDA, and liver TNF-α gene expression as opposed to group 1. In treated groups with NAC and silymarin, a significant reduction (p < .05) was seen in all above mentioned parameters as well as improved liver histopathological changes compared with group 2. This study confirmed the protective effect of NAC on diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity in rats due to not only reduces liver inflammatory cells, TNF-α, serum MDA, and PC but also through increases liver vitamin C, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities