CARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKENS IN DIET WITH LOWER AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEINS AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE

Ocjenjivanje kakvoće brojlerskih trupova sprovedeno je na ukupno 240 pilića dva genotipa Cobb 500 i Hubbard Classic tovljenih do 49 dana. Korištene su dvije različite energetsko-proteinske krmne smjese, a cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj genotipa, spola i hranidbe na kakvoću brojlerskih trupova (masa trupa, randman, mase i udjeli osnovnih dijelova trupa), njihove varijance i interakcija. Utvrđen je statistički značajan (P0,05). Kod ocjenjivanja randmana statistički značajan (P<0,05) utjecaj imao je samo genotip i to jedino kod obrade „pripremljeno za roštilj“, u korist genotipa Cobb 500. Ispitivanje varijance kod mase trupa i randmana pokazalo je da su najveće vrijednosti bile pod utjecajem spola. Muški pilići imali su statistički značajno (P<0,05) veću masu prsa, bataka i zabataka i veći udio bataka u odnosu na ženske piliće. Kod mase osnovnih dijelova trupa ostali čimbenici nisu imali značajnog utjecaja ali kod ispitivanja udjela ovih dijelova trupa, statistički značajne razlike utvrđene su kod djelovanja genotipa i hranidbe Pilići genotipa Cobb 500 imali su značajno veći udio prsa, dok su pilići hranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu II imali značajno veći udio bataka u trupu. Interakcija genotip i sustav hranidbe imala je statistički visoko značajan (P0,05) higher values of carcass weight were present in Cobb 500 genotype and chicken fed mixture I. Genotype affected statistically significantly (P<0,05) dressing percentage only in “ready for grilling” on behalf of genotype Cobb 500. Investigation of variance in carcass weight and dressing percentage showed the highest values under influence of sex. Male chickens had significantly (P<0,05) heavier breasts, thighs and drumsticks, and higher share of thighs than female chickens. Statistically significant differences in of share main parts of carcass were confirmed under the influence of genotype and diets. In that way, Cobb 500 chickens had significantly (P<0,05) higher share of breasts, while the chickens fed mixture II had significantly higher share of thighs in carcass. Interaction between genotype and diet had statistically highly significant (P<0,01) effect on slaughtering trait “ready for grilling”, so chickens of genotype Cobb 500 fed mixture I had the highest values of dressing percentage

CARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKENS IN DIET WITH LOWER AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEINS AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE

Ocjenjivanje kakvoće brojlerskih trupova sprovedeno je na ukupno 240 pilića dva genotipa Cobb 500 i Hubbard Classic tovljenih do 49 dana. Korištene su dvije različite energetsko-proteinske krmne smjese, a cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj genotipa, spola i hranidbe na kakvoću brojlerskih trupova (masa trupa, randman, mase i udjeli osnovnih dijelova trupa), njihove varijance i interakcija. Utvrđen je statistički značajan (P0,05). Kod ocjenjivanja randmana statistički značajan (P<0,05) utjecaj imao je samo genotip i to jedino kod obrade „pripremljeno za roštilj“, u korist genotipa Cobb 500. Ispitivanje varijance kod mase trupa i randmana pokazalo je da su najveće vrijednosti bile pod utjecajem spola. Muški pilići imali su statistički značajno (P<0,05) veću masu prsa, bataka i zabataka i veći udio bataka u odnosu na ženske piliće. Kod mase osnovnih dijelova trupa ostali čimbenici nisu imali značajnog utjecaja ali kod ispitivanja udjela ovih dijelova trupa, statistički značajne razlike utvrđene su kod djelovanja genotipa i hranidbe Pilići genotipa Cobb 500 imali su značajno veći udio prsa, dok su pilići hranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu II imali značajno veći udio bataka u trupu. Interakcija genotip i sustav hranidbe imala je statistički visoko značajan (P0,05) higher values of carcass weight were present in Cobb 500 genotype and chicken fed mixture I. Genotype affected statistically significantly (P<0,05) dressing percentage only in “ready for grilling” on behalf of genotype Cobb 500. Investigation of variance in carcass weight and dressing percentage showed the highest values under influence of sex. Male chickens had significantly (P<0,05) heavier breasts, thighs and drumsticks, and higher share of thighs than female chickens. Statistically significant differences in of share main parts of carcass were confirmed under the influence of genotype and diets. In that way, Cobb 500 chickens had significantly (P<0,05) higher share of breasts, while the chickens fed mixture II had significantly higher share of thighs in carcass. Interaction between genotype and diet had statistically highly significant (P<0,01) effect on slaughtering trait “ready for grilling”, so chickens of genotype Cobb 500 fed mixture I had the highest values of dressing percentage

Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome

Abstract: Background: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. Methods: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. Results: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16–35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. Conclusions: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities

Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome

Abstract: Background: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with variable intellectual disability and multiple health and psychiatric comorbidities. The impact of such comorbidities on cognitive outcomes is unknown. We aimed to describe patterns of physical health and psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, and receptive language ability, in DS across the lifespan, and determine relationships with cognitive outcomes. Methods: Detailed medical histories were collected and cognitive abilities measured using standardised tests for 602 individuals with DS from England and Wales (age range 3 months to 73 years). Differences in prevalence rates between age groups and between males and females were determined using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. In adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities were compared to expected population rates using standardised morbidity ratios (SMRs). Adapted ANCOVA functions were constructed to explore age and sex associations with receptive language ability across the lifespan, and regression analyses were performed to determine whether the presence of health comorbidities or physical phenotypes predicted cognitive abilities. Results: Multiple comorbidities showed prevalence differences across the lifespan, though there were few sex differences. In adults, SMRs were increased in males and decreased in females with DS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Further, SMRs were increased in both males and females with DS for dementia, autism, ADHD, and depression, with differences more pronounced in females for dementia and autism, and in males for depression. Across the lifespan, receptive language abilities increasingly deviated from age-typical levels, and males scored poorer than females. Only autism and epilepsy were associated with poorer cognitive ability in those aged 16–35 years, with no relationships for physical health comorbidities, including congenital heart defects. Conclusions: Our results indicate the prevalence of multiple comorbidities varies across the lifespan in DS, and in adults, rates for psychiatric comorbidities show different patterns for males and females relative to expected population rates. Further, most health comorbidities are not associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in DS, apart from autism and epilepsy. It is essential for clinicians to consider such differences to provide appropriate care and treatment for those with DS and to provide prognostic information relating to cognitive outcomes in those with comorbidities

Персонална изложеност на гасови на вработените во металургијата

Глобално зголеменото индустриско производство, зголемената светска и домашна потрошувачка, како и зголемениот број на население доведоа до зголемена потрошувачка на ресурси и енергија, што директно води до емисија на поголеми количини на штетни гасови, кои ја деградираат и уништуваат работната и животната средина. Емисијата на штетни гасови од индустријата претставува еден од најголемите загадувачи на работна и животна средина, односно на амбиентниот воздух во Република Македонија имајќи предвид дека најголем дел од индустриските капацитети немаат поставено филтри за пречистување на гасовите пред да се испуштаат во воздухот. Кај повеќето индустриски капацитети е присутна стара и неефикасна производна технологија со ниско производно ниво од една страна, а од друга страна не постои соодветна опрема за мониторинг на гасовите кои се емитираат во атмосферата и се главна причини за загадување на воздухот. Овој проблем посебно е изразен во металуршката и хемиската индустрија. Во овој труд се прикажани резултатите од персонална изложеност на поедини штетни гасови (CO, NO2 и SO2) на вработените во металургијата