Cytotoxicity of Platinum(Iv) and Palladium(Ii) Complexes with Meso-1,2-Diphenyl-Ethylenediamine-N,N -Di-3-Propanoic Acid. Crystal Structure of [Pd(1,2-Dpheddp)] Complex

The syntheses of tetradentate ligand, meso-1,2-diphenyl-ethylenediamine-N,N-di-3-propanoic acid (H-2-1,2-dpheddp) and corresponding platinum(IV) and palladium(II) complexes are reported here. The spectroscopically predicted structure of the obtained palladium(II) complex was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Singe crystals suitable for X-ray measurements were obtained by slow crystallization from a DMSO-water mixture. Cytotoxic effects of platinum(IV), palladium(II) complexes and cisplatin on the 4T1 and Bl6F1 cell lines were determined using the MTT colorimetric technique. The complexes showed a dose dependence on cytotoxic effect toward both cell lines. Both complexes were less active than cisplatin, the exception was concentrations above 62.5 mu M of platinum(IV) complex in the B16F1 cell line

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Characterization and degradation of pectin derived from Budimka apple

The characterization of apple pectin and its oligogalacturonic fractions derived from the autochthones apple variety Budimka, characteristic for central Serbia, is described in this paper. After extraction, the apple pectin was subjected to controlled enzymatic hydrolysis by polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) from Aspergillus niger and then fractionated by ion-exchange column chromatography on Dowex 1X-8 (200–400 mesh). Saturated oligogalacturonic acids, obtained by controlled hydrolysis with PG, were efficiently separated by elution with a gradient of Na acetate buffer (pH 6.0), while unsaturated oligogalacturonic acids, obtained by controlled hydrolysis with PL, were separated on the same resin, using a gradient of Na formate buffer (pH 4.7) as the eluent. The yields of the fractions with the particular degree of polymerization (DP) were also determined. The total content of neutral saccharides in the original Budimka apple pectin was detected by HPLC analysis of the 4-nitrobenzoyl derivatives of the sugar, and amounted to 5.31 %. Among the neutral saccharides, contents of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and mannose were detected

Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum (IV) complexes with S-alkyl Derivatives of Thiosalicylic Acid and the Crystal Structure of the S-butyl Derivative of Thiosalicylic Acid

New platinum(IV)-complexes with S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid (alkyl = benzyl-(L1), methyl-(L2), ethyl-(L3), propyl-(L4), butyl-(L5)) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Th e bidentate S,O ligand precursor, the S-butyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid (S-bu-thiosal), was prepared, and its crystal structure was determined. Single crystals suitable for X-ray measurements were obtained by slow crystallization from a DMSO-water system. S-bu-thiosal crystallized in a P21/c space group of a monoclinic crystal system with a = 8.0732 (3) Å, b = 19.6769 (4) Å, c = 8.2291 (3) Å and Z = 4. S-bu-thiosal also has a coplanar geometry

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexes with some S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid. Crystal structure of the binuclear copper(II) complex with S-methyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid

The five new copper(II) complexes with some S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid (alkyl = benzyl (L1), methyl (L2), ethyl (L3), propyl (L4), butyl (L5)) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis and infrared spectra. The spectroscopically predicted structure of the obtained binuclear copper(II) complex with S-methyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Single crystals suitable for X-ray measurements were obtained by slow crystallization from a water solution. The compound crystallizes with two binuclear Cu(II) complex molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both molecules have typical paddle-wheel structure with apical positions occupied by water molecules. The independent molecules showed slight difference in configuration mainly reflected in the different orientation of the phenyl rings relating to their carboxylate groups. Antimicrobial activity of these complexes was tested by microdilution method and both minimal inhibitory and microbicidal concentration were determined. The intensity of the antimicrobial activity varied depending on the species of microorganism and the compound type. In general, the activity of the complexes was higher than or similar to the corresponding ligands. All the tested complexes demonstrated moderate or selective antibacterial activity and low antifungal activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cytotoxicity of palladium(II) complexes with some alkyl derivates of thiosalicylic acid. Crystal structure of the bis(S-butyl-thiosalicylate)palladium(II) complex, [Pd(S-bu-thiosal)(2)]

The spectroscopically predicted structure of the obtained bis(S-butyl-thiosalicylate)palladium(II) complex, [Pd(S-bu-thiosal)(2)], was confirmed by an X-ray structural study. The asymmetric unit of [Pd(S-bu-thiosal)(2)] consists of neutral complex molecules, where the Pd(II) ion is placed in a cis-square-planar coordination environment formed by O and S atoms of two deprotonated S-butyl-thiosalicylic acid ligands. The cytotoxic effects of the S-alkyl (R = benzyl (L1), methyl (L2), ethyl (L3), propyl (L4) and butyl (L5)) derivatives of thiosalicylic acid and the corresponding palladium(II) complexes are reported here. The analysis of cancer cell viability showed that all the tested complexes are cytotoxic to human colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116 and CaCo-2) and human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549). The antitumor activities of the above mentioned Pd(II) complexes are higher in comparison to the corresponding ligands. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved