Counterfactual Analysis of the Efficiency of Decontamination of Livestock Production Organic Wastes

Introduction. The implementation of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation is aimed at ensuring the food security of the country and requires the industrialization of the agro-industrial sector. The effectiveness of industrialization depends on the use of automated, intelligent solutions at all stages of implementing technological processes. Livestock is an agro-industrial sector generating the largest amount of organic waste materials, which are potential energy carriers: litter, liquid manure, process effluents, etc. According to the data from the Russian Statistics Committee and the research results, the annual volume of manure generated from farms is from 43.3 to 45.1 million tons, while there is an upward trend. The used energy potential from the entire volume does not exceed 40%. It is possible to increase the efficiency of using the energy potential of organic animal waste materials through implementing digitalized solutions. A strategic tool for the effective industrialization of livestock is the implementation of application software products that ensure the growth of ecological and energy effects. Aim of the Article. The aim of the study is a counterfactual evaluation of the efficiency of the model for decontaminating liquid pig manure in the decontamination activator. Materials and Methods. Counterfactual analysis is a tool for formalizing complex, multifactorial processes to ensure their subsequent digitalization. The essence of the analysis consists in a “surveyˮ of the analyzed model through which the values of variables are determined providing changes that lead to a deviation of the response beyond the boundary conditions during interpretation. The advantage of counterfactual analysis is the stability and transparency of the model to external influences during machine learning. It is known that the representative pathogenic markers of the decontamination efficiency of liquid pig manure are helminth eggs and the number of colony-forming units of common coliform bacteria (CFU CCB). However, for testing and implementing an algorithm for counterfactual analysis of a mathematical model, it is acceptable to use the number of CFU CCB. The object of the study was liquid pig manure with a humidity from 88% to 98%, the subject was a counterfactual analysis of the dependence of the number of CFU CCB on the exposure time in the activator, the concentration of active chlorine, the mass of working bodies, magnetic induction, and liquid manure humidity. Results. The results of counterfactual evaluation and analysis carried with the use of the Python programming language and the PyCharm 2022.2 environment are presented in the tables. The counterfactual evaluation made it possible to identify ranges of variation of factors, the use of which can represent the potential of boundary conditions in solving the optimization problem. The cells of these values are highlighted in grey-blue. The most preferred ranges based on counterfactual evaluation are in the cells highlighted in green. Discussion and Conclusions. There has been substantiated the prospects of using active chlorine in combination with the influence of ferromagnetic working bodies moving in an alternating rotating electromagnetic field as a decontamination activator. On the basis of counterfactual evaluation it was established that the most significant factors for determining the efficiency of decontamination of liquid pig manure by the number of CFU CCB are: magnetic induction in the working zone of the activator inductor, active chlorine concentration and exposure time

Determination of the law of probability density distribution of colony-forming units number under livestock waste disinfection

Introduction. An advanced technique of the livestock waste disinfection is considered. The essence of the method is in the integral physicochemical action of the alternating magnetic field combined with a chemical agent. The inductor can implement this method. A residual number of the colony-forming units of total coliforms is selected as the most critical parameter characterizing the quality of the disinfection process of livestock effluents. It is proposed to use the mathematical experimental design theory to improve the efficiency of investigating the disinfection process of livestock waste. Its application implies a normal law of distribution of the value frequency of colony-forming units of total coliforms. Materials and Methods . In the course of this study, the following methods were used: direct and indirect instrumental measurement; micrographics; least quadrants, theoretical definition of the random distribution, and statistical data processing. Research Results . The hypothesis on a normal distribution law was tested by setting up an experiment at the stand with certain conditions. As a result of the conducted experiments, a sample of values consisting of 100 observations is obtained. Based on the aprior information analysis, a hypothesis on the normal distribution law of the value frequency of colony-forming units of total coliforms was adopted. Discussion and Conclusions. In the course of studying the distribution law of the value frequency of colony-forming units of total coliforms characterizing the quality of the disinfection process, the accepted critical value of the Pearson test was compared to the calculated one. Since the design value is less than the adopted critical one, the hypothesis on a normal distribution law is accepted

Study of kinetic performance effect on wheel and rail wear using computer simulation

A perspective method of disinfecting liquids and spreads in agriculture is considered. The principle of the method is about an integral physical and chemical impact of the rotating alternating electromagnetic field. The implementation of the proposed method is carried out in the electromechanical activator which is an inductor. The purpose of the research is to obtain mathematic models that are able to assess quantitatively the effect of the inductor mass on the parameters featuring the inductor performance quality. Current intensity, reactive power, total electric power in the inductor circuit, and magnetic induction, are chosen as such parameters. Methods of the instrumental measurement, statistic treatment and analogue-to-digital data conversion are used. The research results are presented by the mathematic dependences which can be used for designing new inductors

Study on magnetic field parameters in the inductor working chamber

The inductor which allows the usage of the magnetic field in the agriculture technological processes is considered. The measuring technique of the electromagnetic field vector characterization - magnetic induction that evaluates the quality of the technological process in the inductor chamber - is offered. Intensity, directivity, and uniformity of the magnetic field in the inductor working chamber are investigated. The techniques of the instrumental, direct and indirect measurements, and statistical data processing, as well as methods of analog-to-digital data conversion are used. A cybernetic model of the experimental research to assess the inductor performance quality is developed. The distribution of the radial and axial components of the magnetic induction in the working chamber is determined; the area with the most uniform magnitude and the magnetic-field direction which forms the inductor working area is identified. The most significant component of the magnetic induction vector for this process and the type of inductor is revealed. The results obtained are important for the development of new inductor constructions

Creation of mathematical model for estimating energy intensity of livestock wastes disinfection

Introduction. A perspective method of the livestock wastes disinfection is considered. The key point of the method is in complex physical and chemical impact of the variable magnetic field coupled with a chemical reagent. The device for implementing the proposed technique is an inductor. Electric energy intensity is selected as a parameter characterizing the energy efficiency of the of livestock wastes disinfection process. To increase the efficiency of investigating the livestock wastes disinfection process, it is proposed to use the mathematical experimental design theory. Materials and Methods. In the course of this research, the following techniques were used: instrument, direct and indirect methods of measurement, statistical processing technique, and mathematical experimental design theory. Research Results. The effect of technological factors on the energy efficiency of the livestock wastes disinfection process is experimentally investigated. On the basis of the data obtained, the strength effect ranking of the technology factors on the specific electrical energy capacity of the process is performed. A noncritical degree of impact of evaluating the pair-wise interaction coefficients is established. Their absence in the mathematical model suggests this. Discussion and Conclusions. A mathematical model of the livestock wastes disinfection process which allows evaluating the effect of the technology factors on the specific electrical energy intensity of the given process is developed