The effect of CMGE and caffeine on the expression levels of <i>Cyp1a1</i> and <i>Cyp1a2</i> mRNAs in rat liver.

<p>The level of mRNA expression (normalized to β-actin) is presented relative to that in animals treated with the vehicle only. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post test, **, p<0.01.</p

Sequence of primers used in real-time PCR, amplicon sizes and annealing temperatures.

<p>Sequence of primers used in real-time PCR, amplicon sizes and annealing temperatures.</p

The effect of CMGE and caffeine on the expression levels of <i>Cyp1a1</i> and <i>Cyp1a2</i> mRNAs in rat liver.

<p>The level of mRNA expression (normalized to β-actin) is presented relative to that in animals treated with the vehicle only. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post test, **, p<0.01.</p

IC₅₀ of 2-H and lidocaine applied to hNav1.2 and hNav1.6 ion channels.

<p>Values are the mean IC₅₀± SEM. <i>n</i> = 6 in all cases. 2-H and lidocaine both blocked the two channels that we tested. In the tonic experiments, 2-H was 3.97 (for hNav1.2) and 2.82 (for hNav1.6) times less active than lidocaine. In the phasic experiments, 2-heptanone was 7.50 (for hNav1.2) and 7.57 (for hNav1.6) times less active than lidocaine. The exposure time for 2-H was limited to 3 min.</p

The effects of 2-heptanone and lidocaine on the isolated sciatic nerve of the rat.

<p>The effects of 2-heptanone and lidocaine on the isolated sciatic nerve of the rat.</p

The effect of 2-heptanone on hNav1.2 (a) and hNav1.6 (b) sodium channels

<p>. Data represent tonic (a and c) and phasic (b and d) effects. Solid curves represent when data are fitted with a logistic equation with minimum and maximum effects fixed at 0 and 100% (n = 6).</p

The evoked nCAP from the isolated rat sciatic nerve exposed to saline and 2-H

<p>. <b>a)</b> The amplitude of the nCAP, baseline to peak, was used as the main parameter to quantify the vitality of the sciatic nerve fibres during exposure to 2-H. The record presents the decrease in the amplitude nCAP during exposure of the sciatic nerve to 3.41 mg/mL 2-H. The first arrow indicates the beginning of the application and the second arrow indicates the time when the nerve was washed and bathed in normal saline. During exposure to 2-H, records were taken at a rate of 1 nCAP per 20s. After 2-H was replaced with normal saline, measurements were taken every 15 min. Vertical scale bar: 3 mV. Horizontal scale bar: 6 ms. <b>b)</b>. Diagrammatic representation of the three-chamber recording bath made of Plexiglass. It consists of the recording (R), the perfusion (P) and the stimulating chambers (S), separated by two partitions. The sciatic nerve was placed along the three chambers which were filled with oxygenated saline to cover the nerve. The dimensions of each chamber were 26×26×10 mm (length. width, depth), total volume 10 mL. The cover (c) made of Plexiglass was used to close hermitically the whole recording system, while the air inside the bath was saturated with 2-H, to eliminate the evaporation of 2-H in the perfusion chamber.</p

Comparing the local anaesthetic properties of 2-heptanone with the other ketones.

a,b<p>Significant difference (p<0.05) for the IT₀ comparison between 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone and 4-heptanone.</p