Development of Minced Meatball Composition for the Population from Unfavorable Ecological Regions

In this paper, a new technology for meatball production is presented. The ingredients in the formulation used are low value parts of poultry meat (neck and back part), rice, sea cabbage (Laminaria) and carrot. Three variants of meatball were prepared with different weight ratios of Laminaria: variant 1 – 15%, variant 2 – 10% and variant 3 – 5%. The comparative quality and organoleptic indicators of meatballs are studied. As a result, when compared with the control meatballs, the developed meatballs have soft consistency, a pleasant flavor, better sensory characteristics and balanced composition. The highest level of protein was obtained in variant 2 (19.7%) while the lowest one was determined in the control sample (10.1%). Variant 2 meatball also showed an increased level of mineral elements – 3.11%, compared with variant 1 (2.6%) and variant 3 (1.6%). The moisture content of the developed meatballs varied from 67.1% to 69.3% and these values are much higher than in the control sample (61.64%). Also, the developed meatballs show a higher content of fat compared with the control sample. Different proportions of Laminaria in meatball formulations caused significant changes in content of I, Mg, K and Na. The concentrations of these elements were reduced when the Laminaria weight ratio in meatballs was lowered. Using Laminaria demonstrated a positive effect to the food quality of meatball

Garcinoxanthones from Garcinia mangostana L. against SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm pathway inhibition: A viroinformatics study

Context: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Aims: To determine the molecular mechanism and potential of garciniaxanthone derivate compounds from G. mangostana as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and prevent cytokine storm through in silico approach. Methods: Ligand and protein samples were obtained from databases such as PubChem and Protein Databank, then drug-likeness analysis using Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muege rules on SwissADME server, prediction of antiviral probability through PASSOnline server. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation with PyRx v1.0 software (Scripps Research, USA) with an academic license, identification of interactions and chemical bond positions of ligands on the target by PoseView server, 3D visualization of PyMOLv.2.5.2 software (Schrödinger, Inc., USA) with an academic license, molecular dynamics simulation for molecular stability prediction by CABS-flex v2.0 server, target prediction of antiviral candidate compounds by SwissTargetPrediction server, pathway analysis through STRING v11.5 database, and toxicity by ProTox-II server were used. Results: Garciniaxanthone C from G. mangostana was found to be a drug-like molecule with low toxicity. This can be a candidate for SARS-Cov-2 antiviral through inhibitor activity on two viral enzymes consisting of Mpro and replicase with a binding affinity value that is more negative than other garciniaxanthone derivates and is stable. Garciniaxanthone C is predicted to bind and inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins that trigger cytokine storms, such as NFKB1 and PTGS2. Conclusions: Garciniaxanthone derivative compounds from G. mangostana may be candidates for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and preventing cytokine storm through garciniaxanthone C activity

Photochemical oxidation of γ-exachlorocyclohexane and 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

Objectives: Utilization of the forbidden organochlorine pesticides demands searching of new ways of their neutralization. In such way there can be a photochemical oxidation of pesticides. As a research objects we chose γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) and 4,4 '- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). Radiation treatment of solution is carried out by the UF-lamp with a wavelength of 254 nanometers. Methods: Residual concentrations of pesticides were determined by "Lyumakhrom" liquid chromatograph. The infrared spectrum of initial lindane, DDE solutions in the process of photochemical oxidation of pesticides by hydrogen peroxide is observed in ZnSe precision cell by Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy "Infralyum of FT-02". The kinetics of photochemical oxidation process of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) and 4,4 '- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is studied. Findings: The analysis of obtained results shows that use of the homogeneous catalysts, initiating the process of H2O2 and H2O photolysis, reduces the concentration of lindane and DDE in the first hour of treatment. Without catalyst the residual concentration of lindane is 0,289×10-6 mol/dm3, DDE – 0,235×10-6 mol/dm3, while addition of iron (III) to H2O2 leads lindane concentration dilution up to 0,029×10-6 mol/dm3, DDE – to 0,046×10-6 mol/dm3. Addition as the Zn (II) catalyst to hydrogen peroxide decreases the concentration of lindane to 0,129×10-6 mol/dm3, DDE – to 0,163×10-6 mol/dm3 in 2 hours. In the presence of iron ions (III) as the homogeneous catalyst initiating the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide and water, the constant rates are increased by six times. The analysis of pesticides photochemical oxidation products by IR spectrums allowed assuming mechanisms of photochemical oxidation of pesticides by hydrogen peroxide. As may be supposed, there is a cycle rupturing in lindane leading to formation of the aliphatic ketones which are restored to secondary alcohols; and DDE have a rupture of C (1) atom benzene ring with formation of chlorophenols and alkenes. From then on chlorophenols are oxidized by hydroxyl radical to the carbon dioxide and water, and alkenes are hydrated to primary alcohols. Conclusion: The conducted research showed high efficiency of photochemical oxidation process of pesticides in the presence of homogeneous catalyst – iron ions (III)

Application of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in various fields: A review

CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a revolutionary tool that enables precise and efficient modifications of the genetic material. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in genome editing. We begin by describing the fundamental principles of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, explaining how the system utilizes a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to direct the Cas9 nuclease to specific DNA sequences in the genome, resulting in targeted double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide in-depth explorations of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in agriculture, medicine, environmental sciences, fisheries, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. We also highlight its potential, ongoing research, and the ethical considerations and controversies surrounding its use. This review might contribute to the understanding of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its implications in various fields, paving the way for future developments and responsible applications of this transformative technology