256 research outputs found
Lymphocyte blastogenesis to plaque antigens in human periodontal disease
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66210/1/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00135.x.pd
The role of a circumferential septal fiberotomy (CSF) in enhancing orthodontic stability- a randomized controlled clinical trial
NeĂ°st á sĂĂ°unni er hægt aĂ° nálgast greinina Ă heild sinni meĂ° ĂľvĂ aĂ° smella á hlekkinn View/OpenInngangur: Mælt hefur veriĂ° meĂ° aĂ° gera fiberotomiu eftir tannrĂ©ttingameĂ°ferĂ° til aĂ° auka stöðugleika. SĂş kenning var prĂłfuĂ° Ă Ăľessari rannsĂłkn. Efni og aĂ°ferĂ°ir: NĂu einstaklingar sem voru aĂ° ljĂşka tannrĂ©ttingameĂ°ferĂ° voru valdir til aĂ° taka þátt. NeĂ°ri boginn var fjarlægĂ°ur Ăşr sporum, fiberotomia var framkvæmd Ă annarri hliĂ° frá augntönn til miĂ°framtannar en hin hliĂ°in ĂľjĂłnaĂ°i hlutverki viĂ°miĂ°unarhĂłps. ĂŤ byrjun og á 4 vikna fresti Ă allt aĂ° 6 mánuĂ°i voru tekin mát og ljĂłsmyndir. Irregularity Index Little var notaĂ°ur til aĂ° mæla Ăľrengsli á mĂłdelum, en ljĂłsmyndir af mĂłdelum voru skannaĂ°ar inn og tölvuforrit greindi allar breytingar sem urĂ°u á tönnum á tĂmabilinu. HliĂ°runarhreyfingar sem og snĂşningshreyfingar sem og breytingar á tannholdsindexum voru skráðar. Hvorug mælingaraĂ°ferĂ°in sĂ˝ndi marktækan mun á stöðugleika Ă Ăľeirri hliĂ° sem var skorin miĂ°aĂ° viĂ° viĂ°miĂ°unarhĂłp. Tannhold skaĂ°aĂ°ist ekki viĂ° fiberotomiuna. NiĂ°urstöður: Ăžar sem fiberotomia virĂ°ist ekki auka stöðugleika tanna eftir tannrĂ©ttingameĂ°ferĂ°, er ekki hægt aĂ° mæla meĂ° aĂ°ferĂ°inni.Introduction: Circumferential septal fiberotomy (CSF) following orthodontic treatment has been propagated to improve stability and prevent relapse of tooth alignment. The hypothesis of no difference of performed CSF and controls was tested. Material and Methods: In 9 consecutively admitted patients at the end of orthodontic tooth alignment the lower archwire was removed. CSF was performed from canine to the central incisor on a randomly chosen side, while the contralateral side served as unsurgerized control. At baseline and every 4 weeks up to 6 months, study casts were taken and 1) analyzed using the Irregularity Index of Little and 2) photographed, traced and superimposed digitally. The translational and rotational movements of teeth as well as gingival parameters were analyzed as well. By using the II and by superimposing the tracings, no statistically significant differences were found between test (CSF) and control sides for any parameters. Moreover, CSF did not impinge on the gingival tissues. Conclusion: Since CSF did not improve stability of orthodontically aligned teeth nor prevent relapse during the healing phase of up to 6 months, CSF should not be recommended following orthodontic therapy. Key words: Fiberotomy, orthodontic treatment, stability, rotational relapse, gingival recession
Sequential osseointegration of a novel implant system based on 3D printing in comparison with conventional titanium implants.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the sequential osseointegration of a novel titanium implant system based on a 3D printing technology in comparison with conventional titanium implants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two novel titanium implants based on 3D printing were tested in the mandible of eight Beagle dogs. As a control, two different commercially available titanium implants were used. The implants were staged to accommodate healing periods of 2 and 6 weeks. The primary outcome variable was bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in non-decalcified tissue sections and micro-CT analysis.
RESULTS
Histomorphometrically, the proportions of tissues adjacent to the implant surfaces were similar for all implants, whereas the BIC percentage of new mineralized bone was greater for the control implants after both 2 and 6 weeks (p < .05). Micro-CT analysis revealed increasing osseous volume and BIC from 2 to 6 weeks. In contrast to the histomorphometry, the BIC evaluation with the micro-CT data revealed a significantly higher BIC for the two test implants compared with controls (p < .001). The analysis of the total implant surface area disclosed a value that was approximately double as high for the test compared to the control implants.
CONCLUSIONS
The novel titanium implant system based on 3D printing yielded values for osseointegration that were adequate and satisfactory. The higher percentage of new mineralized bone in the control implants is explained by the fact of a completely different three-dimensional surface area
Randomized multicenter study on the plaque removal efficacy of 2 interdental brushes around the base of orthodontic brackets.
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this multicenter study was to analyze the efficacy of cleaning 2 interdental brushes (IDBs) around brackets in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
The study design was a multicenter, randomized, examiner-blinded crossover study with 3 interventions, the first of which was a baseline intervention. This study included 20 patients (12 females, 8 males) aged 12-18 years with fixed orthodontic devices examined at the Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, and the Children's Dental Clinic St. Gallen. The outcome was a conventional, cylindrically shaped IDB (IDBG-S [IB]; Top Caredent GmbH, Schönau, Germany) was examined in comparison with an innovative waist-shaped IDB (Circum, CDB-8 [CB]; Top Caredent GmbH). The participants did not use the IDB themselves. The brushing procedure was performed professionally by 1 operator (C.E.). Each buccal tooth surface with a bracket was split into 8 areas, the main areas being 1 and 8. These main areas, which were difficult for toothbrushes to reach, were mesial (area 1) and distal (area 8) of the bracket edges in the gingival direction. Plaque index (PI) scores were assessed at 2 examinations before and after the cleaning procedure on 8 tooth surfaces in the area with orthodontic brackets. A computer-generated program randomly allocated the IDB sequence to the participants. Examiners (L.Z.-G. and Y.W.) assessing the outcomes were blinded to the intervention and the randomized allocation of participants to the different IDBs.
RESULTS
Both IDBs showed a plaque removal effect (CB, 0.68 [interquartile range, 0.63-0.77]; IB, 0.43 [interquartile range, 0.33-0.55]). The difference between the 2 IDB was statistically significant (PÂ = 0.002). In particular, the CB yielded a higher plaque removal efficacy (CB effect, 0.68; IB effect, 0.21) at the main areas 1 and 8, which were difficult to reach. Ten participants were randomized to each sequence, and all 20 completed the study. No side effects or adverse events were reported or observed.
CONCLUSION
The waist-shaped brush head of the CB significantly enhanced plaque reduction in total and particularly in problem areas.
REGISTRATION
This trial was registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry (no. DRKS00014088; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.xxdo?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00014088) PROTOCOL: The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
FUNDING
This study was supported by the manufacturer Top Caredent GmbH, Schönau, Germany, which provided all interdental brushes used in this study
Addition of Synthetic Biomaterials to Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) for Bone Augmentation-A Preclinical In Vivo Study.
(1) Aim: To investigate the effect of synthetic bone substitutes, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) or bi-layered biphasic calcium-phosphate (BBCP) combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), on bone formation. (2) Methods: Thirty critical size defects were randomly treated with the following five different treatment modalities: (1) negative control (NC, empty), (2) DBBM, (3) α-TCP + DBBM (1:1), (4) BBCP 3%HA/97%α-TCP + DBBM (1:1), and (5) BBCP 6%HA/94%α-TCP + DBBM (1:1). The samples, at four weeks post-surgery, were investigated by micro-CT and histological analysis. (3) Results: A similar level of new bone formation was demonstrated in the DBBM with α-TCP bone substitute groups when compared to the negative control by histomorphometry. DBBM alone showed significantly lower new bone area than the negative control (p = 0.0252). In contrast to DBBM, the micro-CT analysis revealed resorption of the α-TCP + DBBM, BBCP 3%HA/97%α-TCP + DBBM and BBCP 6%HA/94%α-TCP + DBBM, as evidenced by a decrease of material density (p = 0.0083, p = 0.0050 and p = 0.0191, respectively), without changing their volume. (4) Conclusions: New bone formation was evident in all defects augmented with biomaterials, proving the osteoconductive properties of the tested material combinations. There was little impact of the HA coating degree on α-TCP in bone augmentation potential and material resorption for four weeks when mixed with DBBM
Oral health-related quality of life of patients rehabilitated with fixed and removable implant-supported dental prostheses.
Dental implants have become a mainstream treatment approach in daily practice, and because of their high survival rates over time, they have become the preferred treatment option for prosthetic rehabilitation in many situations. Despite the relatively high predictability of implant therapy and high costs to patients, patient perceptions of success and patient-reported outcome measures have become increasingly significant in implant dentistry. Increasing numbers of publications deal with oral health-related quality of life and/or patient-reported outcome measures. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the available evidence on oral health-related quality of life of fully and partially dentate patients rehabilitated with fixed and removable implant-supported dental prostheses. A comprehensive electronic search was performed on publications in English up to 2021. A selection of standardized questionnaires and scales used for the evaluation of oral health-related quality of life were analyzed and explained. The analysis encompassed three aspects: a functional evaluation of oral health-related quality of life, an esthetic assessment of oral health-related quality of life, and a cost-related evaluation of oral health-related quality of life for rehabilitation with dental implants. The data demonstrated that the preoperative expectations of patients markedly affected the outcomes perceived by the patients. As expected, reconstructions supported by implants substantially improved the stability of conventional dentures and allowed improved function and patient satisfaction. However, from a patient's perspective, oral health-related quality of life was not significantly greater for dental implants compared with conventional tooth-supported prostheses. The connection of the implants to the prostheses with locators or balls indicated high oral health-related quality of life. The data also suggest that patient expectation is not a good predictor of treatment outcome. In terms of esthetic outcomes, the data clearly indicate that patients' perceptions and clinicians' assessments differed, with those of clinicians yielding higher standards. There were no significant differences found between the esthetic oral health-related quality of life ratings for soft tissue-level implants compared with those for bone-level implants. Comparison of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations showed no significant differences in patients' perceptions in terms of esthetic outcomes. Depending on the choice of outcome measure and financial marginal value, supporting a conventional removable partial denture with implants is cost-effective when the patient is willing to invest more to achieve a higher oral health-related quality of life. In conclusion, the oral health-related quality of life of patients rehabilitated with implant-supported dental prostheses did not show overall superiority over conventional prosthetics. Clinicians' and patients' evaluations, especially of esthetic outcomes, are, in the majority of cases, incongruent. Nevertheless, patient-reported outcomes are important in the evaluation of function, esthetics, and the cost-effectiveness of treatment with implant-supported dental prostheses, and should be taken into consideration in daily practice
Clinical periodontal diagnosis.
Periodontal diseases include pathological conditions elicited by the presence of bacterial biofilms leading to a host response. In the diagnostic process, clinical signs such as bleeding on probing, development of periodontal pockets and gingival recessions, furcation involvement and presence of radiographic bone loss should be assessed prior to periodontal therapy, following active therapy, and during long-term supportive care. In addition, patient-reported outcomes such as increased tooth mobility, migration, and tilting should also be considered. More important to the patient, however, is the fact that assessment of signs of periodontal diseases must be followed by an appropriate treatment plan. Furthermore, it should be realized that clinical and radiographic periodontal diagnosis is based on signs which may not reflect the presence of active disease but rather represent the sequelae of a previous bacterial challenge. Hence, the aim of the present review is to provide a summary of clinical and radiographic diagnostic criteria required to classify patients with periodontal health or disease
Tomographic evaluation of the influence of the placement of a collagen membrane subjacent to the sinus mucosa during maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a randomized clinical trial
AIM
To study the influence of a collagen membrane placed subjacent to the sinus mucosa on the dimensional changes of augmented maxillary sinus floor.
METHODS
Twenty patients were recruited in the study and randomly assigned to two groups. After the elevation of the maxillary sinus mucosa, a collagen membrane with standardized dimensions was placed at the test sites subjacent to the sinus mucosa and the elevated space was filled with a xenograft, both at test and control sites. A collagen membrane was then used to cover the antrostomy at both sites, and sutures were applied to close the wounds. Cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) were taken for all patients before surgery (T0), after 1 week from sinus floor augmentation (T1), and after 9 months of healing (T2). Dimensional changes over time of soft and hard tissues were evaluated on the CBCTs.
RESULTS
After 1 week of healing, the sinus floor was elevated by 10.0 ± 2.8 mm and 10.6 ± 2.5 mm at the no-membrane and membrane groups, respectively. After 9 months of healing, a similar reduction of the height was observed in both groups, providing a total vertical augmentation of 8.6 ± 2.8 mm at the no-membrane sites and 9.1 ± 3.1 mm at the membrane sites. After 9 months of healing, the hard tissues subjacent to the sinus mucosa appeared to be partially corticalized in three patients in the no-membrane group and in six patients in the membrane group.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of collagen membranes subjacent to the sinus mucosa did not influence the dimensional variations of the augmented regions and the clinical outcomes after 9 months of healing also in absence of perforations
Clinical and histologic evaluation of heterotopic mucosa transpositioning at teeth and dental implants.
AIM
To investigate the healing after heterotopic mucosa transpositioning at dental implants and teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hemimandible per dog (n = 4) was allocated to receive 3 implants (test), whereby 3 premolars on the contralateral side served as controls. After osseointegration, a Z-plasty was performed on the buccal aspect of the test and control sites to heterotopically move the zone of keratinized tissue (KT) into a region with non-keratinized tissue (nKT) and vice versa. Clinical measurements were performed before (T0) and at 12 weeks following heterotopic transposition (T1). Thereafter, specimens were processed for histological analysis.
RESULTS
Clinical measurements revealed that at T1, a band of KT was reestablished at teeth (mean: 2.944 ± 1.866 mm), whereas at implants, the transpositioned nKT resulted in a mucosa without any signs of keratinization (mean: 0 mm; p < .0001). At implant sites, the probing attachment level loss was more pronounced compared to tooth sites (-1.667 ± 1.195 mm and -1.028 ± 0.878 mm, respectively; p = .0076). Histologically, the transpositioned nKT, was accompanied by the formation of KT at the tooth but not at implant sites. The supracrestal soft tissues were statistically significantly higher at tooth compared to implant sites (2.978 ± 0.483 mm and 2.497 ± 0.455 mm, p = .0083). The transpositioned KT remained mostly unaltered in its morphological characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study indicate that: (a) transpositioned KT may retain its morphological characteristics; and (b) transpositioned nKM was accompanied by the formation of KT at the tooth but not at implant sites
Spontaneous regeneration of keratinized tissue at implants and teeth.
AIM
To investigate the spontaneous regeneration of the implanto-mucosal and dento-gingival unit after complete removal of keratinized tissue (KT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hemi-mandible per dog (n = 4) was allocated to receive three dental implants (test sites, premolar region), whereas three premolars on the contralateral side were controls. After osseointegration, the entire KT (buccal + lingual) was surgically excised on all test and control sites, leaving the bone exposed. Clinical measurements were performed before excision (T0 ) and after 12 weeks (T1 ). Following healing, the animals were euthanized, and the specimens were histologically processed. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Clinical measurements revealed that at T1 , on all teeth, a band of KT was spontaneously regenerated (mean width: 2.60 ± 0.66 mm), whereas on implants, KT was detected only occasionally at mesial or distal but not at buccal sites (mean total: 0.35 ± 0.53 mm; p < .0001). Histologically, spontaneous regeneration of the dento-gingival unit was evident, displaying masticatory mucosa. At the implant sites, on the other hand, the implanto-mucosal unit was characterized by a non-keratinized epithelium and elastic fibres, indicating the characteristics encountered in alveolar mucosa.
CONCLUSION
After excision of KT at implant sites, the spontaneous regeneration of the soft tissue is characterized by a non-keratinized epithelium typical for alveolar mucosa, while at tooth sites the spontaneous regeneration was characterized by soft tissue resembling gingiva
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