Prevalence of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Buffaloes in East Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) has a worldwide distribution, but its prevalence in different regions of Iran is unknown. In this study, for the first time, the presence of BIV infections is detected by using the PCR method in Iranian water buffalo in East Azerbaijan. For this matter, blood samples were taken from 83 randomly selected buffaloes slaughtered in Tabriz industrial slaughterhouse from June to October 2012. All of the animals were clinically examined before sampling. Viral Gene-spin™ Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit was used to extract the DNA, and PCR was performed on the extracted DNA using oligonucleotiode primers specific for the gag gene region of the BIV virus. The prevalence of BIV in buffaloes was 2.4% (2 of 83), which is less than the prevalence of BIV in Pakistan (10.3%) and India (19%). The low prevalence observed in this study may be due to our small sample size

مروری اجمالی بر اسباب ایجاد پرفشاری خون و بررسی ارتباط امتلا و افزایش فشارخون از دیدگاه طب سنّتی ایران

Introduction: Nowadays, hypertension is a global public health issue. Since the number of hypotheses could be raised based on the principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) for hypertension, in this study high blood pressure causes according to this principles will be reviewed. But because of the variety of factors involved in this disease, the aim of this study is to discuss the major determinant of hypertension from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine. Methods: In this qualitative study, reliable resources of traditional medicine that had the highest overlap of hypertension symptoms with modern medicine were investigated. Following to taking note of the relevant materials, the extracted texts were analyzed based on content analysis approach. Results: This study revealed that based on the principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine, hypertension is not an independent disease but is in fact a complication of some diseases that occur on the heart, vessels or fluid inside the vessels. For example, hot dystemperament of the heart with increasing cardiac output, dry dystemperament of blood vessels with lumen diameter reduction and change in blood quality with increasing in its viscosity can cause hypertension. The main cause of hypertension or increase intravascular volume, after reviewing the definitions and symptoms associated with Imtila (fullness) diseases seems to be correspond to a variety of this disease called  “Imtila bi hasbil auiya” which means “Filling” in which humors amount will be raised and filled body spaces such as vessels. Discussion: Given that hypertension, based on the findings of this study, could be a manifestation of Imtila diseases, we hoped that by investigating the causes of those diseases could find better strategies for prevention and treatment of hypertension in the near future.امروزه یکی از معضلات بهداشتی جهان، افزایش فشار خون است. از آنجایی که بر اساس مبانی طب سنّتی ایران، فرضیات فراوانی برای ایجاد پرفشاری خون می‌تواند مطرح شود، در این تحقیق، اسباب ایجاد پرفشاری خون به استناد این مبانی، مرور خواهند شد؛ اما به دلیل تنوع عوامل احتمالی ایجاد پرفشاری خون، هدف این مطالعه، بحث و بررسی در خصوص عامل اصلی تعیین‌کننده این بیماری از دیدگاه طب سنّتی ایران قرار گرفت