The Effect of AIDS Stigmatization on Curing Patients and Physician- HIV/AIDS Patient Relationship: Stigmatization of Patients with HIV/AIDS

Background and Aim: HIV/AIDS and its carrier are not only known as a disease and a patient, respectively. Since the transmission of the disease is most relevant to human deviant behavior, a stigma against the disease has been formed. This study seeks to examine the effect of the stigmatization of the disease imposed on the treatment process and interaction between the physician and HIV/AIDS-positive patient in Iranian society. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research method has been used in this study. Data collection has been carried out through interviews. Depth interviews and semi-structured interviews have been employed for the patients and doctors respectively. This study was done in the consultation center and infectious disease ward of Imam Khomeini hospital. Six clients of the consultation center and seven infectious disease specialists were selected. Ethical Considerations: The study followed standard ethics guidelines concerning informed consent and confidentiality. Findings: HIV/AIDS-related stigma has sparked illogical fears, affects physician-patient interaction in the medical community, and has led to discrimination among these patients in many cases in terms of the right to treatment. Conclusion: The results obtained showed the unfavorable impacts of the AIDS-related stigma imposed on the medical community and this is an obstacle facing patients with HIV/AIDS to achieve equal treatment rights. The results of the present study show the role of stigma in converting this disease into a socio-cultural phenomenon. Physicians, like other members of society, are affected by values, norms and are constructs of society. *Corresponding Author: Mohammad Tavakol; Email: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-2814 Please cite this article as: Tavakol M. Nikayin D. Rezaei M. The Effect of AIDS Stigmatization on Curing Patients and Physician- HIV/AIDS Patient Relationship. Bioeth Health Law J. 2021; 1:1-9: (e8). http://doi.org/10.22037/bhl.v1i1.3813

نظام‌های ناتورالیستی سلامت و بیماری از دوران باستان تا قبل از پیدایش پزشکی مدرن

In this article, after a sociological review of the medical history of ancient times, the sociological approaches and models of health and illness before the appearance of modern medicine have been studied, with an emphasis on the characteristics of three main systems of ancient medicine including the medical system of ancient Greece (humoral pathology), the medical system of ancient China (acupuncture), and the ayurvedic medicine of ancient India (Ayurveda). The main focus of these systems, unlike individualistic systems, has been on metaphysical factors and phenomena. The most principle feature which is common in these systems is the determination of an illness on the basis of balance or lack of balance the main elements of the body, in which the lack of balance would be associated with internal or external (natural) forces. In this regard, illness was considered as an impersonal phenomenon, and the concept of “balance” was the basis of the etiology of illness.در این مقاله با مروری جامعه شناختی بر تاریخ پزشکی دوران باستان به رویکردها و مدل‌های جامعه شناسی سلامت و بیماری پیش از ظهور پزشکی مدرن پرداخته شده است و بر ویژگی‌های سه نظام عمدة پزشکی باستان یعنی نظام پزشکی یونان باستان (آسیب شناسی هومورال)، نظام پزشکی چین باستان (طب سوزنی) و نظام پزشکی آیورودیک هند باستان (آیورودا) تأکید گردیده است. توجه اساسی این نظام‌ها، بر خلاف نظام‌های شخص نگر، بر عوامل و پدیده‌های متافیزیکی معطوف بوده است. اصلی ترین ویژگی مشترک این نظام‌ها تبیین بیماری بر اساس عدم توازن میان عناصر اصلی بدن بوده است که این عدم توازن، از درون یا بیرون و ناشی از نیروهای طبیعی تلقی می‌شده است. بر این پایه، بیماری به صورتی غیرشخصی تبیین می‌شد و مفهوم «توازن» اساس اتیولوژی بیماری بوده است