The neuroprotective mechanism of dream via ERAD pathway In dyhydroxyphenylglycine preconditioned acute ischemic stroke rats / Nik Nasihah Nik Ramli

Neuroprotective strategies are required to complement the available medical treatments in order to enhance the brain endogenous protective mechanisms and cushion the effect of stroke injury. Pharmacological preconditioning is an avenue of preventative medication anticipated to be highly effective in protecting and reducing the ischemic induced neuronal damage. Recently, in vitro preconditioning studies have shown that prior activation of group I metabotropic receptor (mGluR) with its specific agonist (S)- 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine ((S)-3,5-DHPG) elicits neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Furthermore, the activation of group I mGluR regulates the expression of DREAM. DREAM protein regulates transcription of various genes including edem1 which is a component protein of ER-associated degradation pathway (ERAD). This study elucidates the neuroprotective effect of group I mGluR agonist preconditioning, (S)-3,5-DHPG via DREAM and ERAD in acute ischemic stroke rats. One, 10 or 100 μM (S)- 3,5-DHPG was administered intrathecally to 6 adult male Sprague Dawley rats 2 hours prior to the middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 24 hours, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and grid walking test were assessed. The rats were sacrificed and the infarct brain volumes were estimated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The serum level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and brain tissue level of Bip/GRP78 ER stress marker were assessed by ELISA assays

The ameliorative effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on diabetic rat model: a narrative review

The emergence of nanotechnology has become more popular, and the progress had sparked much development in nanoparticle synthesis, including selenium. Studies associated with the therapeutic abilities and physicochemical properties of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are rapidly growing and gaining interest from many researchers. This review discusses on the fundamental components of selenium, different approaches in synthesizing selenium nanoparticles, its remedial properties and potential in biomedical application. Herein, primary focus will be given to the action of selenium nanoparticles mechanism in improving diabetes mellitus symptoms and complications in animal studies. It is known that selenium is an important micronutrient found in humans, plants and animals that can be incorporated as selenoprotein in the human body. Analysis and comparison on the findings enlighten that SeNPs demonstrated ameliorative effect on diabetes complications due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering characteristics