Ultrasound assisted esterification of Moringa oleifera oil and its optimization by central composite design

224-230The present work describes the esterification of Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) using ultrasound treatment at a frequency of 60 kHz. The influence of process parameters of esterification such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time on acid value reduction have been analyzed by central composite design (CCD) of Response surface methodology (RSM). ANOVA table indicate the significance of methanol to oil ratio and interaction between catalyst concentration and ultrasonication time. Using Numerical optimization tool, the acid value is reduced to 3mg KOH/g of oil using 2 vol% conc. H2SO4, 0.4:1 volumetric ratio of methanol to oil in 60 min at 60°C. Meanwhile, the conversion of free fatty acid (FFA) into methyl ester is further confirmed with the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis

Acid value optimization of calcined eggshells catalyzed biodiesel produced from rubber seed oil – A response surface methodology (RSM) approach

Optimization of acid value in biodiesel production from high viscous rubber seed oil (RSO) using solid waste eggshells has been studied. A gradual reduction in acid value from 67.6 (mg KOH/ g oil) to 0.26 (mg KOH/ g oil) was observed in the synthesized biodiesel at the optimum process conditions of 12:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 4 (wt %) catalyst concentration and 3hours of reaction time. Process parameter optimization was performed using a well organized optimization tool namely response surface methodology (RSM). It is also observed that molar ratio (mol/mol) and reaction time (h) are the more significant process parameters on the final product. Coefficient of determination R2 value of 0.9335 observed from RSM analysis, signifies a minimum error between experimental and predicted responses

Acid value optimization of calcined eggshells catalyzed biodiesel produced from rubber seed oil – A response surface methodology (RSM) approach

411-417Optimization of acid value in biodiesel production from high viscous rubber seed oil (RSO) using solid waste eggshells has been studied. A gradual reduction in acid value from 67.6 (mg KOH/ g oil) to 0.26 (mg KOH/ g oil) was observed in the synthesized biodiesel at the optimum process conditions of 12:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 4 (wt %) catalyst concentration and 3hours of reaction time. Process parameter optimization was performed using a well organized optimization tool namely response surface methodology (RSM). It is also observed that molar ratio (mol/mol) and reaction time (h) are the more significant process parameters on the final product. Coefficient of determination R2 value of 0.9335 observed from RSM analysis, signifies a minimum error between experimental and predicted responses

Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil

Moringa oleifera oil (MOO), a second-generation lipid feedstock that has been reckoned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years. In the current study, crude MOO possessing high acid value (80.5 mg of KOH/g) was subjected to two step esterification and transesterification process for biodiesel production and the process was applied with central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that H2SO4 concentration of 0.85 vol%, reaction time of 70.20 min, and methanol to oil ratio of 1:1 (vol/vol) significantly decreased the acid value to 3.10 mg of KOH/g of oil. Moreover, copper oxide-calcium oxide (CuO-CaO) nanoparticles were developed and evaluated as a novel heterogeneous base catalyst for synthesizing Moringa oleifera methyl esters (MOME). The synthesized catalyst was scrutinized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. Copper oxide (CuO) was perceived to be the dominant phase in the synthesized catalyst. Highest MOME conversion of 95.24% was achieved using 4 wt% CuO-CaO loading, 0.3:1 (vol/vol) methanol to oil ratio and 150 min reaction time as the optimal process conditions