Characterization of spinal cord glial cells in a model of hindlimb unloading in mice

© 2014 IBRO. Exposure to microgravity has been shown to result in damaging alterations to skeletal muscle, bones, and inner organs. In this study, we investigated the effects of microgravity by using a hindlimb unloading model (HUM) in mice. The characteristics of the lumbar spinal cords of HUM mice 30. days after hindlimb unloading were examined. Morphometric analysis showed reductions of the total area, gray matter, and white matter by 17%, 20%, and 12%, respectively. Myelinated fibers in the white matter showed prominent myelin destruction. Analysis of the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+)/S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B-), GFAP+/S100B+, and GFAP-/S100B+ astrocytes in the ventral horn (VH), central channel area (CC), dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), main corticospinal tract (CST), and ventral funiculi (VF) showed that the number of GFAP+/S100B- astrocytes was increased in the DREZ and CST of HUM mice. Additionally, GFAP+/S100B+ cell numbers were significantly decreased in the VH and CST but did not differ in the CC or DREZ of HUM mice, as compared with the control. The numbers of GFAP-/S100B+ cells were significantly reduced only in the VH of HUM mice. Moreover, the number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1+) microglia cells was significantly increased in the CC and DREZ of HUM mice. In control mice, homeobox protein HoxB8 (HoxB8+) cells were found only in the CC; in contrast, HoxB8+ cells were observed in all studied areas in HUM mice, with the greatest number found in the CC. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the lumbar spinal cords of HUM mice showed decreased expression of genes encoding myelin, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and cell adhesion proteins. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed reductions in the expression of mpz, pmp2, pmp22, and prx genes, which are involved in myelination, as well as decreases in the levels of genes encoding extracellular matrix molecules, including glycoproteins (matrix gla protein (MGP), osteoglycin (OGN), microfibrillar associated protein 5 (MFAP), and collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A)), proteoglycans (perlecan (heparan sulfate proteoglycan) (HSPG)), and metalloproteinases (lysyl oxidase (LOX)). Thus, our results showed that hindlimb unloading caused decreases in gray and white matter areas, changes in gene expression, alterations in myelination, and phenotypic modifications in glial cells in the lumbar spinal cords of mice

Allogenic adipose derived stem cells transplantation improved sciatic nerve regeneration in rats: Autologous nerve graft model

© 2018 Masgutov, Masgutova, Mukhametova, Garanina, Arkhipova, Zakirova, Mukhamedshina, Margarita, Gilazieva, Syromiatnikova, Mullakhmetova, Kadyrova, Nigmetzyanova, Mikhail, Igor, Yagudin and Rizvanov. We examined the effect of transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on posttraumatic sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. We suggested an approach to rat sciatic nerve reconstruction using the nerve from the other leg as a graft. The comparison was that of a critical 10 mm nerve defect repaired by means of autologous nerve grafting versus an identical lesion on the contralateral side. In this experimental model, the same animal acts simultaneously as a test model, and control. Regeneration of the left nerve was enhanced by the use of ADSCs, whereas the right nerve healed under natural conditions. Thus the effects of individual differences were excluded and a result closer to clinical practice obtained. We observed significant destructive changes in the sciatic nerve tissue after surgery which resulted in the formation of combined contractures in knee and ankle joints of both limbs and neurotrophic ulcers only on the right limb. The stimulation of regeneration by ADSCs increased the survival of spinal L5 ganglia neurons by 26.4%, improved sciatic nerve vascularization by 35.68% and increased the number of myelin fibers in the distal nerve by 41.87%. Moreover, we have demonstrated that S100, PMP2, and PMP22 gene expression levels are suppressed in response to trauma as compared to intact animals. We have shown that ADSC-based therapy contributes to significant improvement in the regeneration

Regeneration of rat sciatic nerve using tubulation and allogeneic transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

The effectiveness of application of biodegradable conduit (NeuraGen; INTEGRA, USA) in combination with adipose derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin sealant (Tissucol-Kit; Baxter AG, Austria) on posttraumatic peripheral nerve regeneration was investigated using a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. We demonstrate that our proposed cell therapy confers a neuroprotective effect under our experimental design

Designing subject-subject relations on the basis of analysis of individual features of students’ thinking

This article discusses determination of prevailing thinking style of students with possible typology of the thinking styles. Determination of prevailing thinking style is required to determine strategy and tactics of teaching and maximum use of student-centered results of the performed diagnostics during designing further successful subject–subject interaction. The relevance of the considered problem is related with the necessity to resolve the issue of optimum use of individual features of students’ thinking, future lawyers, regarding development of analytical thinking style. It is proposed that the research method should be based on the diagnostics by A. Alekseev and L. Gromova, Individual Thinking Styles, its aim is analysis of individual thinking styles. It has been established that the proposed method provides analysis of basic thinking styles of the students: synthetic, idealistic, pragmatic, analytical, realistic. The obtained data would allow each teacher to design respective arrangement of subjectsubject interactions and to rearrange methods of teaching the involved discipline with orientation at personal features of cognitive tools of each student individually and in overall group

Delivery of cord blood cells modified with adenoviral vectors expressing GDNF into the area of spinal cord injury stimulates recovery of motor function and supports a population of glial cells

On the model of rat spinal cord dosed contusion at Th8 level studied the effect of delivery into the area of damage of glialcell- line-derived neurotrophic factor gene using adenovirustransduced of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on motor recovery and maintaining a population of glial cells. The results show that the proposed method of gene-cell therapy can effectively stimulate the regeneration of posttraumatic spinal cord injury, which is manifested in the form of improved indicators of recovery of motor function, increasing the number of reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes progenitors. © Human stem cells institute, 2013

Delivery of cord blood cells modified with adenoviral vectors expressing GDNF into the area of spinal cord injury stimulates recovery of motor function and supports a population of glial cells

On the model of rat spinal cord dosed contusion at Th8 level studied the effect of delivery into the area of damage of glialcell- line-derived neurotrophic factor gene using adenovirustransduced of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on motor recovery and maintaining a population of glial cells. The results show that the proposed method of gene-cell therapy can effectively stimulate the regeneration of posttraumatic spinal cord injury, which is manifested in the form of improved indicators of recovery of motor function, increasing the number of reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes progenitors. © Human stem cells institute, 2013

Delivery of cord blood cells modified with adenoviral vectors expressing GDNF into the area of spinal cord injury stimulates recovery of motor function and supports a population of glial cells

On the model of rat spinal cord dosed contusion at Th8 level studied the effect of delivery into the area of damage of glialcell- line-derived neurotrophic factor gene using adenovirustransduced of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on motor recovery and maintaining a population of glial cells. The results show that the proposed method of gene-cell therapy can effectively stimulate the regeneration of posttraumatic spinal cord injury, which is manifested in the form of improved indicators of recovery of motor function, increasing the number of reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes progenitors. © Human stem cells institute, 2013

Allogenic adipose derived stem cells transplantation improved sciatic nerve regeneration in rats: Autologous nerve graft model

© 2018 Masgutov, Masgutova, Mukhametova, Garanina, Arkhipova, Zakirova, Mukhamedshina, Margarita, Gilazieva, Syromiatnikova, Mullakhmetova, Kadyrova, Nigmetzyanova, Mikhail, Igor, Yagudin and Rizvanov. We examined the effect of transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on posttraumatic sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. We suggested an approach to rat sciatic nerve reconstruction using the nerve from the other leg as a graft. The comparison was that of a critical 10 mm nerve defect repaired by means of autologous nerve grafting versus an identical lesion on the contralateral side. In this experimental model, the same animal acts simultaneously as a test model, and control. Regeneration of the left nerve was enhanced by the use of ADSCs, whereas the right nerve healed under natural conditions. Thus the effects of individual differences were excluded and a result closer to clinical practice obtained. We observed significant destructive changes in the sciatic nerve tissue after surgery which resulted in the formation of combined contractures in knee and ankle joints of both limbs and neurotrophic ulcers only on the right limb. The stimulation of regeneration by ADSCs increased the survival of spinal L5 ganglia neurons by 26.4%, improved sciatic nerve vascularization by 35.68% and increased the number of myelin fibers in the distal nerve by 41.87%. Moreover, we have demonstrated that S100, PMP2, and PMP22 gene expression levels are suppressed in response to trauma as compared to intact animals. We have shown that ADSC-based therapy contributes to significant improvement in the regeneration

Regeneration of rat sciatic nerve using tubulation and allogeneic transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

The effectiveness of application of biodegradable conduit (NeuraGen; INTEGRA, USA) in combination with adipose derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin sealant (Tissucol-Kit; Baxter AG, Austria) on posttraumatic peripheral nerve regeneration was investigated using a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. We demonstrate that our proposed cell therapy confers a neuroprotective effect under our experimental design