Addition of arenesulfenyl chlorides to quadricyclene

The addition of arenesulfenyl chlorides to quadricyclene has been investigated. These reactions are rapid, exothermic and yield primairly three isomers. Two of the isomers (type I and type II structures) have the norbornene and nortricyclene carbon skeletons respectively. The structure of the nortricyclene isomer has been thoroughly established with a wide variety of techniques including 2D NMR. It has been found that a bridged sulfonium ion is not an important product precurser in these electrophilic addition reactions. In a attempt to force the formation of a bridged ion, preliminary studies using arenesulfenyl chlorides in which the aromatic ring contains electron-donating groups have been carried out. The results of these reactions suggest that the amount of bridged ion precurser present is minor at best. Studies of the ratio of isomers I to I I to I 1 1 reveal complex patterns, and suggest conclusions about kinetic control. In summary, a significant niche in mechanistic theory has been established, but more exploration would be necessary to induce bridged ion formation and to completely establish all the caveats of this process

Interaction of connexin43 and protein kinase C-delta during FGF2 signaling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have recently demonstrated that modulation of the gap junction protein, connexin43, can affect the response of osteoblasts to fibroblast growth factor 2 in a protein kinase C-delta-dependent manner. Others have shown that the C-terminal tail of connexin43 serves as a docking platform for signaling complexes. It is unknown whether protein kinase C-delta can physically interact with connexin43.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present study, we investigate by immunofluorescent co-detection and biochemical examination the interaction between Cx43 and protein kinase C-delta. We establish that protein kinase C-delta physically interacts with connexin43 during fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling, and that protein kinase C delta preferentially co-precipitates phosphorylated connexin43. Further, we show by pull down assay that protein kinase C-delta associates with the C-terminal tail of connexin43.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Connexin43 can serve as a direct docking platform for the recruitment of protein kinase C-delta in order to affect fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling in osteoblasts. These data expand the list of signal molecules that assemble on the connexin43 C-terminal tail and provide a critical context to understand how gap junctions modify signal transduction cascades in order to impact cell function.</p

Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University

Fire is common in many terrestrial ecosystems, and shapes species composition and the distribution of biomes. Fire regimes have been altered in many parts of the world due to global climate change, with increases in drought resulting in more intense and extensive wildfires. Drought can impact fires in many ways, including by changing the flammability of plants. Recognition of this link has led to the development of the new field of pyro-ecophysiology, which, among other things, seeks to understand how plant water relations can drive changes in live fuel moisture and, therefore, plant flammability. However, few studies have investigated the relationships of drought response traits to plant flammability. The main goal of this thesis is to identify the traits which underpin the ecophysiological processes linking drought and plant flammability, and so help determine how drought affects the propensity of plants to burn. Firstly, I examined relationships between shoot flammability and drought response measures for 38 species of woody plants from New Zealand. I found that minimum leaf water potential and turgor loss point were both negatively correlated with flammability, suggesting that species with high drought tolerance were high in flammability. This suggests that while these traits are useful for the new field of pyro-ecophysiology, species with high drought tolerance should not be recommended by fire managers as low flammability plantings, as has been the case overseas. Secondly, I examined how species flammability changes throughout the year, and assessed which traits are associated with this. I measured shoot flammability and a range of physiological and morphological traits of 10 species at four different times throughout one year. For some species flammability fluctuated throughout the year, identifying species which fire managers need to be careful of when planning fire reduction measures such as green firebreaks. Three species (Griselinia littoralis, Pseudopanax crassifolius, Pseudopanax colensoi) remained low in flammability year round, suggesting that these species could be safely deployed in green firebreaks to help reduce fire spread. Changes in flammability were associated with traits such as stem water potential, moisture content, leaf relative water content, and leaf area. Thirdly, I investigated the existence of thresholds in the relationship between moisture content and shoot flammability to determine if changes in moisture content might lead to species flipping from low to high flammability. Thresholds in moisture content were found in all species and flammability variables, though threshold values were species specific. Threshold moisture content was positively related to leaf area and negatively to leaf dry matter content. As predicted by the emerging field of pyro-ecophysiology, water relations traits such as water potential and relative water content were associated with differences in shoot flammability. While both traits are useful in understanding how drought affects plant flammability, water potential is harder to measure. Leaf relative water content holds great potential as an integrative trait that can be measured rapidly, including via remote sensing, which would enable collection of real-time data on fire risk over wide areas, providing critical information for fire managers

植物葉抽出液の炭水化物分解酵素の阻害効果：バングラデシュおよび日本で採取した木本に関する事例研究

博士(学術）高知大

Efficiency Analysis of Public Transit systems in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Dhaka City

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh and the centre of administrative, political, economic and social life for the country. An efficient transit system is needed in this city to provide services in every corner and to the people of all socio economic standing. This city is characterized by both motorized and non-motorized transport services, though there is a huge demand on the bus transit system. Dhaka is also one of the fastest growing global cities, which is contributing to even higher transit demand. There is a need, therefore, to investigate the present transit system with a view to understand the opportunities and potential of the current public transport system given available policy support and resources. This research is an initiative to identify the current efficiency status of transit services and explore the opportunities to increase the efficiency of this system for the people of this mega city. To carry out this research, along with literature and policy review, interviews with stakeholders and a survey of transit operators was undertaken. From the analysis of the operator’s survey and literature review, the current underperforming status of transit services was identified. From the discussion of interviews and policy frameworks, strategies to improve the current status and guidelines for future initiatives are outlined. This includes a separate and powerful institutional authority solely for transit services and taking regulatory measures by this authority to speed up STP implementation. For bus transit only, the recommendations are: consolidating bus industry and exclusive bus lanes to improve current status of bus transit service. Finally by achieving and fulfilling the recommendations of this study, it is hoped that a more efficient transit system in Dhaka city would result

L’assemblée des chambres du parlement de Normandie sous la garde des sceaux de Miromesnil (1774-1787)

L’ordonnance de discipline de 1774 qui accompagne le rétablissement du parlement de Normandie consacre le rôle prééminent du Premier président et de la Grand’Chambre afin de contrôler l’assemblée des chambres du parlement. Cela tient à l’expérience du garde des Sceaux Miromesnil (1774-1787), ancien premier président (de 1757 à son exil en 1771), mais la tradition historiographique tend à penser qu’elle a été peu appliquée. Cependant le ministère a pu compter sur les gens du roi pour le tenir informé de ce qui se passait dans cette assemblée. Cette source, certes restreinte pour Rouen à l’époque considérée, est fondamentale pour cerner certains mécanismes de relation entre la compagnie et la Cour. La correspondance officielle ainsi rassemblée permet de souligner deux événements précis de la garde des Sceaux de Miromesnil. Mais elle interroge aussi sur la pertinence de ne se tourner que vers l’assemblée des chambres et le glissement progressif de la contestation au sein même de la Grand’Chambre dans les années 1780, échec de Miromesnil.The 1774 disciplinary ordinance that accompanied the restoration of the Norman parlement recognised the preeminent role of the First President and of the Grand Chamber to strengthen their control over the assembly of the parlement’s chambers. This was certainly the case for the Keeper of the Seals Miromesnil (1774-1787), a former president (from 1757 to his exile in 1771), but historiography tends to think that this ordinance has been poorly implemented. However, the ministry relied on the king’s men to keep them informed as to what happened during these assemblies. This source, albeit restricted to Rouen in this period, is fundamental to our understanding of the relationship between the company and the court. Official correspondence highlights two specific events of during Miromesnil’s time as Keeper of the Seals. But it also questions the relevance of only examining the assembly of the chambers and the gradual shift of protest within the Grand Chamber in the 1780s, Miromesnil’s failure

Organizadores visuales y niveles de comprensión de textos literarios en estudiantes. Institución Educativa Nº 84047 \"Túpac Amaru\"- Huacrachuco, 2021

El presente proyecto de investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la relación entre el uso de los organizadores visuales y niveles de comprensión de textos literarios en estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Nº 84047 \"Túpac Amaru\". Es una investigación de tipo descriptivo correlacional, con un diseño no experimental, que fueron trabajados en una población de 19 estudiantes del 5° grado de Educación Secundaria. Para la recopilación de datos se empleó como técnica la observación y como instrumento un cuestionario para cada variable, que fueron previamente validados por expertos y cuyos datos se procesaron mediante el software estadístico SPSS versión 22. Además, se empleó la estadística inferencial para la contratación de la hipótesis, mediante la prueba paramétrica de la R de Spearman. Los resultados muestran que existe relación significativa entre el uso organizadores visuales y el nivel de comprensión de textos literarios en estudiantes de quinto año de educación secundaria; al obtener una significancia bilateral de p: 0,014Tesi

Décret portant création du CRDTO

Le présent document est le Decret portant création du Centre Régional de Recherche et de Documentation pour la Tradition Orale