Baseline demographic and behavioural characteristics of South African women at high risk of HIV acquisition stratified by HIV status [25].

#<p>Acute HIV Infection.</p

Patient characteristics showing differences between HIV infected and uninfected participants.

<p>Patient characteristics showing differences between HIV infected and uninfected participants.</p

Influence of HIV infection on dendritic cell migration and activation in ectocervical explants.

<p>DC migration and activation was compared between HIV-infected (n = 6) and uninfected participants (n = 8). Ectocervical explants from HIV-infected and uninfected participants were stimulated for 24 hours with Medium, cytokines or TLR agonists. Migration and activation of DCs was evaluated and compared between the two groups of participants for the three DC subsets and stimulation conditions. Data presented as Box and Whisker plots of fold migration above background (medium alone). Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analyses. * P-values <0.05</p

Dendritic cell migration and activation from ectocervical and endocervical tissue explants.

<p>Cervical explants were exposed to cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and MIP-1β) or TLR agonists (LPS, R848, or PAM3) for 24 hours. Frequencies of DCs that had migrated out of the tissue blocks into collected culture medium, and their activation status was measured in tissue from (A) the ectocervix, and (B) the endocervix. Migration index indicates the ratio of stimulated to unstimulated DC frequencies. Activation index indicates the ratio of stimulated to unstimulated DC HLA-DR MFI. Data is presented as median with interquartile range fold induction or migration above background (medium). Each experiment was performed once and different samples were processed and stimulated for the different conditions: Medium (n = 14), cytokines (n = 14), LPS (n = 14), PAM3 (n = 14) and R848 (n = 14) for ectocervical explants; and Medium (n = 17), cytokines (n = 16), LPS (n = 17), PAM3 (n = 16) and R848 (n = 16) for endocervical explants. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used for statistical analyses. * P-values <0.05.</p

Signs and symptoms associated with acute HIV infection.

*<p>Odds Ratio adjusted for repeated measures.</p><p>Note: Signs and symptoms reported with <5% frequency in the AHI cases or p>0.15 were omitted. These included splenomegaly, anal ulcers, swollen joints, gingivitis, observed fever, aseptic meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, conjunctivitis, hepatomegaly, photophobia, parasthaesia, retro-orbital headache and neck stiffness.</p

Signs and symptoms according to HIV diagnostic test.

*<p>Fisher’s Exact test.</p

Identification of cervical DC subsets from (ecto) cervical explant cultures.

<p>(A) Plots showing the exclusion of dead cells (VIVID⁺), doublets, neutrophils/epithelial cells (CD66a/c/e⁺) and monocytes (CD66a/c/e⁻ CD14⁺). (B) Dendritic cell subsets were identified as mDCs (CD66a/c/e⁻ CD14⁻ CD11c⁺); pDCs (CD66a/c/e⁻ CD14⁻ CD11c⁻ CD123⁺); and LCs (CD66a/c/e⁻ CD14⁻ CD11c⁻ CD123⁻ CD1a⁺); and frequencies of cervical tissue migrating DCs determined, following different stimulation conditions. (C) Histogram showing up-regulation of HLA-DR expression by cervical explant migrating mDCs. Activation of pDCs and LCs was determined in a similar way as mDCs and Median Fluorescent Intensities (MFI) calculated.</p

Sensitivity and Specificity for different number of signs and symptoms.

*<p>POCT: point of care test.</p

Unadjusted and adjusted analysis of signs and symptoms associated with acute HIV Infection.

*<p>Model for behavioural and demographic factors adjusted for age in years, relationship status, education and age at sexual debut (data not shown), while model for symptoms and signs adjusted for sore throat, rash, loss of appetite, weight loss, genital ulcers and vaginal discharge.</p>**<p>Risk score model adjusting for age, sore throat, rash, loss of appetite, weight loss, genital ulcers and vaginal discharge.</p

Fc effector function early in HIV infection is higher in individuals that develop bNAbs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Purified IgG from 13 bNAb, 10 no-bNAb and 5 HIV-negative individuals (in red, blue and grey respectively) at 6 months post-infection was tested for antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement deposition (ADCD), cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) and cellular cytoxicity (ADCC) using three HIV-specific antigens gp120 ConC, gp140 C.ZA.1197MB and gp120 CAP45.G3. Significant differences between groups determined by the Mann-Whitney U test are indicated by *p<0.05; **p<0.001. (<b>B</b>) Medians and IQR of different Fc effector functions for bNAb and no-bNAb individuals against all tested antigens over 36 months of infection are indicated as cumulative Fc effector function. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. (<b>C</b>) Each Fc function was standardized by calculating a Z-score and polyfunctionality determined by addition of the Z-scores for all functions for each individual. Bars above the x-axis indicate Fc polyfunctional individuals, while those below indicate poor Fc polyfunctionality. bNAb and no-bNAb individuals are indicated in red and blue respectively. (<b>D</b>) Spearman´s correlation coefficient for the relationship between the Fc polyfunctionality Z-score and % neutralization breadth calculated by a 44 multi-clade virus panel is shown. The dashed diagonal line indicates the trend of the relationship.</p