CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Heat Production of Iberian Pig Exposed to High Temperature and Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Betaine or Zinc

The effect of heat, and dietary betaine or zinc on the heat production (HP) of Iberian pigs was studied. Thirty barrows (44 kg) were individually housed for 28 days and assigned to one of five treatments: (1) thermoneutrality (20 °C) and fed a control diet (TN-CON) ad libitum; (2) hot (30 °C) and fed a control diet (HT-CON) ad libitum; (3) thermoneutrality and pair fed a control diet (TN-CON-PF) to HT-CON; (4) hot and fed a betaine-supplemented (0.5%) diet (HT-BET) ad libitum; and (5) hot and fed a zinc-supplemented (0.012%) diet (HT-ZN) ad libitum. On the 18th day, pigs were moved to a respirometry chamber (two chambers) under their respective treatment. The metabolizable energy (ME) intake, HP and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured over 24 h. No differences (p > 0.05) were found in HP and RE between treatments. For RQ, TN-CON was greater (p < 0.01) than HT treatments, except for HT-BET. All RQs indicated an overall lipogenesis where betaine supplementation showed an intermediate value, indicating that it may have a positive effect on lipogenesis and overall growth. At 30 °C, betaine or zinc had no effect on HP and RE; ME intake was not reduced, indicating a genetic adaptation of Iberian pigs to heat

Impact of Heat Stress on Meat Quality and Antioxidant Markers in Iberian Pigs

Heat stress is associated with impaired meat quality and disruption of redox balance. This study investigated the effect of chronic exposure to high temperature on meat quality and antioxidant markers of muscles (longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius) of growing Iberian pigs. Twenty-four pure Iberian pigs were allocated during 28 days to one of three treatments (n = 8/treatment): thermoneutral conditions (20 °C) and ad libitum feeding (TN), heat stress conditions (30 °C) and ad libitum feeding (HS) and thermoneutral and pair-fed with HS (TN-pf). Muscles of the HS group had greater intramuscular fat content than the TN-pf group and higher Zn levels than TN and TN-pf, whereas differences on fatty acid composition were negligible. Heat exposure did not affect pH, color coordinates of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and MDA values but had a positive influence on lightness and drip losses. Moreover, chronic heat stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant defenses SOD, CAT and GPx. The statistical factor analysis adequately classified the muscles studied, but was unable to differentiate samples according with treatments. Findings of the present study support an adaptive response of the Iberian pig to high temperatures and show the high Iberian meat quality even under adverse climate situations

Los suplementos de Zn en la dieta modulan la respuesta de las células intestinales al estrés térmico. Ensayos en células Caco-2

1 Página. Abstract del Poster presentado en el IV Congreso Virtual FESNAD, celebrado en Zaragoza del 3-6 noviembre 2

Effect of heat stress on lipolysis of adipose tissue explants from Iberian pigs

Comunicación oral presentada en el congreso: 7th International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Granada 23-25 septiembre (2022)The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness throughout the Research Project AGL2016-80231. Zaira Pardo received a scholarship (BES-2017-081-486)

Muscle quality traits and oxidative status of Iberian pigs supplemented with zinc and betaine under heat stress

The study analyzed the effect of supplemental zinc and betaine on meat quality and redox status of muscles (longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius) from heat- stressed pigs. Twenty-four pure Iberian pigs were assigned to one of three treatments (n = 8): control diet, Zn supplemented diet (120 mg/kg) and betaine supplemented diet (5 g/kg) that were all exposed to 30 °C during 28 days. No significant differences were observed in chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the muscles. The Zn diet improved the water retention capacity of longissimus, increased the antioxidant properties (ABTS and FRAP) and the glutathione peroxidase activity, and reduced the level of MDA. No significant effects associated to the betaine diet were observed in quality traits and antioxidant markers of muscles. These findings suggest that Zn supplementation may be used as a nutritional strategy to improve the antioxidant properties of meat of Iberian pigs subjected to heat stress conditions.This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32072286

Exposure of Iberian pigs to heat: effects of dietary betaine and zinc on heat production

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant AGL 2016-80231

Exposure of growing Iberian pigs to heat stress and effects of dietary betaine and zinc on heat tolerance

The effects of heat stress and dietary betaine and zinc on growth, weight of organs and plasma biochemistry in growing Iberian pigs are of special importance. Forty Iberian barrows (43.8 kg BW) were assigned to five treatments for 28-d: 1.-thermoneutral (20 °C)-ad libitum fed a control diet (TN-CON); 2.-heat stress (30 °C)-ad libitum fed a control diet (HS–CON); 3.-thermoneutral-pair-fed a control diet (TN–CON–PF) on the basis of intake of HS-CON; 4.-heat stress-ad libitum fed a betaine-supplemented diet (HS-BET); 5.-heat stress-ad libitum fed a zinc-supplemented diet (HS-ZN). Heat stress increased rectal temperature and decreased feed intake. As a result, weight gain under TN-CON was greater than under heat stress or TN–CON–PF. Temperature did not affect gain to feed ratio. Heat stress decreased empty BW, kidneys and spleen weights, and tended to decrease total viscera weight compared to thermoneutral counterparts fed ad libitum, but when organ weight was related to empty BW, only spleen tended to decrease. At identical intake, heat stress tended to decrease heart weight. Betaine and zinc had no effect on organs weight under heat stress. Heat stress decreased albumin and the homeostasis model assessment index for estimating β-cell function (HOMA-%B), increased glucose, and tended to increase urea compared with the TN pair-fed group. Betaine and zinc decreased plasma glucose under heat stress and increased HOMA-%B suggesting improved β-cell function. Insulin, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, homeostasis model assessment index for estimating insulin resistance percentage and the rest of biochemical parameters were not affected by treatments. Decreased intake explained the consistent negative effects on performance of pigs after long-term heat stress. Furthermore, it elicited a glucose sparing effect without affecting insulin concentration and increased protein catabolism. Betaine or zinc supplementation did not prevent the negative effect of heat stress on growth performance of Iberian pigs.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant AGL 2016-80231) funded this research. Z. Pardo received a scholarship FPI from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (reference BES-2017-081486) and is part of the PhD Thesis project within the Official Doctorate Program “Nutrition and Food Sciences” (University of Granada, Spain)

Impact of heat stress on meat quality and antioxidant markers in iberian pigs

Heat stress is associated with impaired meat quality and disruption of redox balance. This study investigated the effect of chronic exposure to high temperature on meat quality and antioxidant markers of muscles (longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius) of growing Iberian pigs. Twenty-four pure Iberian pigs were allocated during 28 days to one of three treatments (n = 8/treatment): thermoneutral conditions (20C) and ad libitum feeding (TN), heat stress conditions (30C) and ad libitum feeding (HS) and thermoneutral and pair-fed with HS (TN-pf). Muscles of the HS group had greater intramuscular fat content than the TN-pf group and higher Zn levels than TN and TN-pf, whereas differences on fatty acid composition were negligible. Heat exposure did not affect pH, color coordinates of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and MDA values but had a positive influence on lightness and drip losses. Moreover, chronic heat stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant defenses SOD, CAT and GPx. The statistical factor analysis adequately classified the muscles studied, but was unable to differentiate samples according with treatments. Findings of the present study support an adaptive response of the Iberian pig to high temperatures and show the high Iberian meat quality even under adverse climate situations.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government through Research Project AGL2016-80231-R. This work is part of the doctoral thesis of Zaira Pardo, Ph.D. student from the Official Doctoral Program “Nutrition and Food Sciences” of the Granada University, who received a grant FPI with reference BES-2017-081486

Efectos del estrés por calor sobre el despiece de la canal en cerdo ibérico

1 página.- Trabajo presentado a las: XIX Jornadas sobre Producción Animal AIDA. On line. Zaragoza, España, 1-2 junio 2021Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto AGL2016-80231-R, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad y es parte de la Tesis de Zaira Pardo en el marco del programa de doctorado “Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos” de la Universidad de Granada