Do motorways shape urban growth? Analysis of growth patterns with micro-level data – before and after road openings in two Danish motorway corridors

The paper is an offspring from the Research project Town, Road and Landscape that aims to assess the effect of the Danish motorway network (specifically the last 20 years) on urban growth and interaction patterns. As one of the main interests of the project is the changing urban form and the changing character of the roadscape, the impact of the motorway is in part analysed with micro level data, spatial statistics and GIS – to allowing mapping of changing development trends in motorway corridors. The paper presents analysis of the impact of motorway openings on urban form in two Danish motorway corridors. The analysis is based on a before and after perspective – where the building activity and its location (building register with address coordinates) after the opening of the motorway is compared to building activity in the years before the construction of the motorway. Preliminary results suggest that the motorway most markedly influences the location of non-residential building activities within the city – in favour of locations near the entrance points to/from the motorway network. The development can be explained in part by municipal planning, which in some instances has opened up the new locations for development far ahead of market demand – and in part by an increasing demand for exposed and accessible sites for business development which still seems to be in its beginning.

Hvorfor vokser trafikken på vores veje?

Fra 2000 - 2015 voksede vejtrafikken i gennemsnit med 1,2 pct. om året, men det er gået langt hurtigere i de sidste par år, hvor der er kommet større afstand til finanskrisen. Det er forventningen, at trafikken også vil vedblive med at stige fremover. Landstrafikmodellens basisprognose lyder på en vækst på 14 pct. i vejtrafikken fra 2015 til 2030. For biltrafikken peges der på økonomi (ofte målt som BNP), befolkningens størrelse og sammensætning, priser på biler og kørselsomkostninger, rejsetider og vejkapacitet, erhvervs- og bystruktur, konkurrerende transportformer, såvel som sociale normer og nye teknologier – som de væsentligste drivkræfter. Mange af disse er dækket af de prognosemodeller der anvendes, mens andre falder uden for. Et overblik over trafikkens drivkræfter er med til at give et udgangspunkt for at forstå og foregribe udviklingen, samt overveje indikatorer, der kan understøtte arbejdet med at planlægge fremtidens infrastruktur og trafik

Law Behind Second Law of Thermodynamics --Unification with Cosmology--

In an abstract setting of a general classical mechanical system as a model for the universe we set up a general formalism for a law behind the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. really for "initial conditions". We propose a unification with the other laws by requiring similar symmetry and locality properties.Comment: 17 page

GPS in Travel and Activity Surveys

The use of GPS-positioning as a monitoring tool in travel and activity surveys opens up a range of possibilities. Using a personal GPS device, the locations and movements of respondents can be followed over a longer period of time. It will then be possible to analyse how the use of urban spaces are embedded in the wider context of activity patterns (work, school etc.). The general pattern of everyday itineraries, including route choice and time spent at different locations “on the way” can also be analysed. If the personal GPS device is combined with an electronic questionnaire, for example in the shape of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or cell phone, a whole new array of survey possibilities comes into being. Respondents can be asked to register their activities, evaluate or in other ways describe the attractiveness of places or modes based on their actual position and doings in the urban area. The paper presents the possibilities in travel and activity surveys with GPS and electronic questionnaires. Demonstrative mapping of test data from passive GPS registration of Copenhagen respondents is presented. The different survey possibilities given a combination of GPS and PDA based electronic questionnaires are presented together with a first generation PDA-based questionnaire

GPS in Travel and Activity Surveys

The use of GPS-positioning as a monitoring tool in travel and activity surveys opens up a range of possibilities. Using a personal GPS device, the locations and movements of respondents can be followed over a longer period of time. It will then be possible to analyse how the use of urban spaces are embedded in the wider context of activity patterns (work, school etc.). The general pattern of everyday itineraries, including route choice and time spent at different locations “on the way” can also be analysed. If the personal GPS device is combined with an electronic questionnaire, for example in the shape of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or cell phone, a whole new array of survey possibilities comes into being. Respondents can be asked to register their activities, evaluate or in other ways describe the attractiveness of places or modes based on their actual position and doings in the urban area. The paper presents the possibilities in travel and activity surveys with GPS and electronic questionnaires. Demonstrative mapping of test data from passive GPS registration of Copenhagen respondents is presented. The different survey possibilities given a combination of GPS and PDA based electronic questionnaires are presented together with a first generation PDA-based questionnaire

Relational Fusion Networks: Graph Convolutional Networks for Road Networks

The application of machine learning techniques in the setting of road networks holds the potential to facilitate many important intelligent transportation applications. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are neural networks that are capable of leveraging the structure of a network. However, many implicit assumptions of GCNs do not apply to road networks. We introduce the Relational Fusion Network (RFN), a novel type of GCN designed specifically for road networks. In particular, we propose methods that outperform state-of-the-art GCNs by 21%-40% on two machine learning tasks in road networks. Furthermore, we show that state-of-the-art GCNs may fail to effectively leverage road network structure and may not generalize well to other road networks.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2020). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.1156

Sammenhængen mellem transport og bystruktur i Aalborg

Paperet er skrevet på baggrund af mit PhD-arbejde under forskningsprogrammet Transport og Byplan ved Aalborg Universitet. Forskningsprogrammet har til formål at undersøge, hvordan man gennem fysisk planlægning kan påvirke transportens omfang og karakter, og dermed energiforbruget til transport (Næss, 1999). I paperet præsenteres de metoder, der anvendes i studiet af transport og byplan i Aalborg. I paperets sidste del præsenteres en række resultater, der belyser bycentrums betydning for transporten