486 research outputs found
Electron tunneling time measured by photoluminescence excitation correlation spectroscopy
The tunneling time for electrons to escape from the lowest quasibound state in the quantum wells of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs/AlAs/GaAs double-barrier heterostructures with barriers between 16 and 62 Å has been measured at 80 K using photoluminescence excitation correlation spectroscopy. The decay time for samples with barrier thicknesses from 16 Å (≈12 ps) to 34 Å(≈800 ps) depends exponentially on barrier thickness, in good agreement with calculations of electron tunneling time derived from the energy width of the resonance. Electron and heavy hole carrier densities are observed to decay at the same rate, indicating a coupling between the two decay processes
Reply to the comment by D. Kreimer and E. Mielke
We respond to the comment by Kreimer et. al. about the torsional contribution
to the chiral anomaly in curved spacetimes. We discuss their claims and refute
its main conclusion.Comment: 9 pages, revte
Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order: Meissner Effect and Flux Quantization
There has been a proof by Sewell that the hypothesis of off-diagonal
long-range order in the reduced density matrix implies the Meissner
effect. We present in this note an elementary and straightforward proof that
not only the Meissner effect but also the property of magnetic flux
quantization follows from the hypothesis. It is explicitly shown that the two
phenomena are closely related, and phase coherence is the origin for both.Comment: 11 pages, Latex fil
Topological Invariants, Instantons and Chiral Anomaly on Spaces with Torsion
In a spacetime with nonvanishing torsion there can occur topologically stable
configurations associated with the frame bundle which are independent of the
curvature. The relevant topological invariants are integrals of local scalar
densities first discussed by Nieh and Yan (N-Y). In four dimensions, the N-Y
form is the only closed
4-form invariant under local Lorentz rotations associated with the torsion of
the manifold. The integral of over a compact D-dimensional (Euclidean)
manifold is shown to be a topological invariant related to the Pontryagin
classes of SO(D+1) and SO(D). An explicit example of a topologically nontrivial
configuration carrying nonvanishing instanton number proportional to
is costructed. The chiral anomaly in a four-dimensional spacetime with torsion
is also shown to contain a contribution proportional to , besides the usual
Pontryagin density related to the spacetime curvature. The violation of chiral
symmetry can thus depend on the instanton number of the tangent frame bundle of
the manifold. Similar invariants can be constructed in D>4 dimensions and the
existence of the corresponding nontrivial excitations is also discussed.Comment: 6 pages, RevTeX, no figures, two column
Optical-conductivity sum rule in cuprates and unconventional charge density waves: a short review
We begin with an overview of the experimental results for the temperature and
doping dependences of the optical-conductivity spectral weight in cuprate
superconductors across the whole phase diagram. Then we discuss recent attempts
to explain the observed behavior of the spectral weight using reduced and full
models with unconventional charge-density waves.Comment: 17 pages, RevTeX4, 4 EPS figures; Invited paper for a special issue
of Low Temperature Physics dedicated to the 20th anniversary of HTS
Accommodation of lattice mismatch in Ge_(x)Si_(1−x)/Si superlattices
We present evidence that the critical thickness for the appearance of misfit defects in a given material and heteroepitaxial structure is not simply a function of lattice mismatch. We report substantial differences in the relaxation of mismatch stress in Ge_(0.5)Si_(0.5)/Si superlattices grown at different temperatures on (100) Si substrates. Samples have been analyzed by x‐ray diffraction, channeled Rutherford backscattering, and transmission electron microscopy. While a superlattice grown at 365 °C demonstrates a high degree of elastic strain, with a dislocation density <10^5 cm^(−2) , structures grown at higher temperatures show increasing numbers of structural defects, with densities reaching 2×10^(10) cm^(−2) at a growth temperature of 530 °C. Our results suggest that it is possible to freeze a lattice‐mismatched structure in a highly strained metastable state. Thus it is not surprising that experimentally observed critical thicknesses are rarely in agreement with those predicted by equilibrium theories
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