Periodontal Considerations in the placement of Dental Implants

The creation of an esthetic implant restoration with gingival architecture that harmonizes with the adjacent dentition is a formidable challenge. The predictability of the peri-implant esthetic outcome may ultimately be determined by the patient’s own presenting anatomy rather than the clinician’s ability to manage state-of-the-art procedures. To more accurately predict the peri-implant esthetic outcome before removing a failing tooth, five diagnostic keys are discussed. These keys include relative tooth position, form of the periodontium, biotype of the periodontium, tooth shape and position of the osseous crest.   KEYWORDS:  Dental Implants, Periodontal, Peri-implan

Impact of different musical nodes and vibrations on plant development

The effects of ambient environmental factors on physiological attributes of plants have been explored extensively. Among all the factors, impact of sound on the plants is an interesting aspect to study. This review attempts to comprehend the impact of sound waves on the development and behaviour of the plants. Musical nodes with healing energy have a certain impact on seeds germination. This can enhance overall plant health by improving growth and resistance, beyond chemical triggers.. In past, seed growth and germination behaviour, influenced by different pre-treatments has been studied for different plants. This review is an effort to provide an indication of the recent results, constraints, and prospective applications of sound wave therapy as a physical trigger for modulating physiological characteristics and giving plants an adaptive benefit. Sound wave therapy is now emerging as a fresh promotion for protecting crops from harmful circumstances and maintaining plant fitness

Signet ring cell cholangiocarcinoma in a patient previously operated for cholecystectomy: is there any connecting link?

Cholangiocarcinoma are malefic tumours of bile duct. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is rare entity. Several risk factors have been attributed to its ethology, the main overriding link between two being chronic inflammation of the bile system. Cholecystectomy has also been a proposed risk factor. This study was undertaken in Department of Pathology at LLRM Medical College, Meerut. A 49 years old female, operated for cholecystectomy 1.5 year back in same hospital, now presented with chief complains of jaundice and abdominal discomfort. The blood chemistry revealed increased total bilirubin (13.7 mg/dl), Alkaline phosphatase (877.6 IU/L), Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 199(184 U/ml) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (14.5 ng/ml). Computed Tomography (CT) showed a stricture in mid Common bile duct (CBD). Excision of stricture was done using retrocholic hepatico-jejunostomy. Tissue was submitted for histopathology. Histopathological assessment showed SRCC. The patient failed to turn up for further management but returned back after a span of time presenting with gross ascites and pallor ultimately leading to death within 12 weeks of diagnosis. This was the first case of SRCC to arise in a patient who had a previous history of cholecystectomy. Whether there is some connecting link between the two is still not clear. Further studies are warranted in this direction to establish cholecystectomy as an etiological factor for cholangiocarcinoma

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF MOUTH DISSOLVING PRINTED FILM OF KETOROLAC AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: The present research work was carried out to prepare Ketorolac printed Oral Thin Films using a pneumatic pressure printer. In this research, we attempted to prepare a non-contact printing system by using pneumatic pressure-based printer that incorporates printing of active pharmaceutical ingredients onto a medical-grade Orodispersible film for developing personalized medication. Methods: In the present work Ketorolac Trometamol was used as a model drug. Placebo substrate was developed by using cellulosic polymers like HPMC, MCC, Neusilin, and starch to impart paper-like properties that are desirable for printing. It was evaluated for various physicochemical properties like disintegration time, mechanical strength, folding endurance, surface properties, etc. Polymers and plasticizers were evaluated for the development of drug loaded Printing ink. The drug-printed films were characterized for physicochemical properties and in vitro drug dissolution. Results: Various film-forming polymers were evaluated for the development of printing substrates. The F3 substrate had desired mechanical properties i.e. the thickness of 0.157±0.003, the tensile strength of 0.331±0.016, disintegration within 60 seconds, and this substrate also maintained its integrity after the printing of the drug ink. The HPMC-based ink (I4) with polyethylene glycol for modulating flow properties of ink in the concentration of 1.40%w/v was selected among various ink formulations. The drug release from the printed films was 98±1.94% in 1 h. Conclusion: Through this new drug printing technology the limitation of low drug dose loading associated with ink-jet and flexographic printing can be solved by increasing the drug loading ranges from micrograms to milligrams by a single pass of the print head

Uncommon plasmacytoid myoepithelioma originating from ectopic minor salivary gland in neck: a rare case with rare site presentation

The aim of this case report is to present as case of plasmacytoid at ectopic minor salivary gland in the neck which is a rare neoplasm with uncommon presentation of site. Usually it is a tumor of major salivary gland and more common in parotid gland and less common in the minor salivary gland of the oral cavity predominantly in palate. Here authors are discussing a case of 10-year-old female who presented in our institute with complain of swelling over right mid cervical region which was clinically suspected as reactive cervical lymph node. Patient was evaluated further and cytologically diagnosed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma. It was also confirmed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma after histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies. Plasmacytoid myoepithelioma at ectopic minor salivary gland site in the neck is uncommon presentation and only a limited number of cases have been reported in literature

Radiation Induced Gastrointestinal Damage and Protection: Nigella Sativa Seed Extract and Thymoquinone

Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment for different types of cancers. The side effects associated with radiation includes destruction of normal cells, especially the dividing cells. The cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bone marrow are the primary targets. The GI damage is reflected by early histological changes, functional alterations and symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This has been designated as the radiation syndrome. Many synthetic drugs have been used to treat GI disorders but a definite cure has not been discovered so far and these available medications also cause several side effects. The herbal extracts are being tested for long time as preventive food supplement/drug in this disease. The radio protective effects of Nigella sativa (black cumin, (Ranunculacea) is already reported but its mechanism of action is not well established. Here in this review this aspect has been explored with special reference to various in vitro and in vivo models

A comparative evaluation of bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration in different haematological condition with special reference to leukaemia and lymphoma

Background: For diagnosis of haematological disorders there are three modalities to examine bone marrow, bone marrow aspiration cytology (BMA), bone marrow imprint (BMI) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB). BMA gives cytological picture; BMI also gives cytological picture but cells are less in number and BMB gives cytological as well as architectural picture. BMA alone may not be sufficient to reach diagnosis therefore the present study was undertaken to compare the above modalities. The study was conducted with the aim to perform cytomorphological evaluation of bone marrow in various haematological disorders with special reference to leukaemia and lymphoma and to compare bone marrow aspiration smears with bone marrow trephine biopsy.Methods: The present study was conducted in department of pathology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut inpatients attending the outpatient department and in-patient department of pediatrics and medicine of SVBP Hospital attached to LLRM Medical College, Meerut, over a period of one year i.e. from March 2018 to May 2019. A detailed clinical history, physical examination and laboratory examination of all the cases was done.Results: Out of 50 cases, maximum number of cases were of anemia 26/50 (52%) followed by leukemia 17/50 (34%), lymphoma 5/50 (10%), multiple myeloma 1/50 (2%), myelofibrosis 1/50 (2%), leishmaniasis 1/50 (2%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 1/50(2%). BMA smears were compared with biopsy and concordance and discordance was established. The overall diagnostic accuracy of aspiration was 94%.Conclusions: Bone marrow examination is a safe, quick easy and cost-effective procedure with very less patient discomfort. BMA shows better cellular details when compared to BMI and BMB. BMB is diagnostic investigation in dry tap cases like aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome and metastatic tumors. In present study, concordance between BMA and BMB was seen in majority of the cases and diagnostic accuracy was 94% study concludes that bone marrow aspiration cytology and trephine biopsy complement each other and should be performed simultaneously for complete bone marrow work up and evaluation

Role of galectin 3 and thyroid peroxidase as diagnostic tool in thyroid carcinoma with clinicopathological correlation: a cohort study of 94 cases

Background: Thyroid neoplasms constitute the most commonly occurring endocrine tumors worldwide. With ultrasonography, detection has been increased up to 30%. Thyroid neoplasms have a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour and varied therapeutic responsiveness. Thus, early diagnosis of thyroid tumors and appropriate management will prolong the survival rate of patients. So, this study focuses on thyroid tumors which have overlapping morphological features and exact diagnosis is essential for surgical and post- operative management of patients. The aim and objective of the study was to determine the role of Galectin 3 and Thyroid Peroxidase in malignant tumors of thyroid as diagnostic marker.Methods: We evaluated the patients for detailed history, physical examination, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biopsy or excision of thyroid gland and subsequently histological examination and Immunohistochemistry for galectin 3 and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO).Results: A total of 94 cases were enrolled in the study. Out of these 94 cases, 70 cases (74%) were followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Out of 70 cases, benign were 44 (63%) and malignant were 26 (37%). Among benign cases, most common were colloid goitre, 22 cases (31%). Among malignant cases, most common were papillary carcinoma, 15 cases (21%). For all thyroid carcinoma, both Galectin 3 and TPO showed sensitivity of 81% when used alone. However combination of galectin 3 and TPO increased the sensitivity up to 92%.Conclusions: Galectin 3 and TPO alone has high sensitivity for all thyroid carcinoma but sensitivity was markedly increased when combination of the two markers were used

Clinicopathological study of benign and malignant ovarian tumours and the role of HER2/neu and ER expression in these tumours

Background: Ovarian cancers represent the 6th most common cancer among females and are the most common cause of death from gynaecological cancers in the world. The aim is to do clinicopathologic study of ovarian tumours along with evaluation of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu).Methods: A total of 85 cases of ovarian tumors were studied and immunohistochemistry was performed with specific antibodies against ER and HER2/neu as per standard protocol.Results: In present study, surface epithelial tumours were the commonest type comprising 64 cases (75.2%), followed by Germ cell tumours, 17cases (20%) and sex cord stromal tumours, 04 cases (4.8%).Among the surface epithelial tumours , ER‑positive cases were higher in malignant (71.4%) tumours as compared to borderline tumours (33.3%) and benign tumours (7.7%) while Her2/neu positive cases were higher in borderline (66.7%) tumours as compared to malignant tumours (42.9%) and benign tumours (15.3%).Among the germ cell tumours, ER expression was positive in 62.5% cases of mature teratoma while HER2/neu expression was positive in only 12.5% cases of mature teratoma. None of the sex cord stromal tumours showed positive expression of ER and HER2/neu.Conclusions: Positive expression of estrogen receptors is seen predominantly in surface epithelial malignancies and in mature teratoma. It proves the mitogenic role of estrogen in ovarian tumours. Her-2 neu was expressed mainly in malignant tumours. This suggests their carcinogenic role. This also helps in differentiating borderline and malignant tumours

New challenge of asymptomatic infections from COVID-19: current scenario

Since the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in China, late December 2019, it took a substantial detriment and challenges for more than 200 countries worldwide. Recently with the upcoming insights about etiology of the virus, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or they have only mild symptoms, but they act as carrier and are able to transmit the virus to others. There are technical difficulties in screening for these asymptomatic infections, which makes it even more challenging for any nation to control this epidemic. This article reviews entry & replication of the virus, pathogenesis, asymptomatic infections, dissemination, prevention, control & treatment in asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, expecting it would be helpful for early prevention and containment of this severe public health threat worldwide