Discovery of AZD2716: A Novel Secreted Phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Expedited structure-based optimization of the initial fragment hit <b>1</b> led to the design of (<i>R</i>)-<b>7</b> (AZD2716) a novel, potent secreted phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) inhibitor with excellent preclinical pharmacokinetic properties across species, clear <i>in vivo</i> efficacy, and minimized safety risk. Based on accumulated profiling data, (<i>R</i>)-<b>7</b> was selected as a clinical candidate for the treatment of coronary artery disease

Novel Acidic 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitor with Reduced Acyl Glucuronide Liability: The Discovery of 4‑[4-(2-Adamantylcarbamoyl)-5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic Acid (AZD8329)

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is viewed as a potential target for the treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. We report here the optimization of a carboxylic acid class of inhibitors from AZD4017 (<b>1</b>) to the development candidate AZD8329 (<b>27</b>). A structural change from pyridine to pyrazole together with structural optimization led to an improved technical profile in terms of both solubility and pharmacokinetics. The extent of acyl glucuronidation was reduced through structural optimization of both the carboxylic acid and amide substituents, coupled with a reduction in lipophilicity leading to an overall increase in metabolic stability

Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Acidic 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitor: Discovery of 2-[(3<i>S</i>)-1-[5-(Cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-6-propylsulfanylpyridin-2-yl]-3-piperidyl]acetic Acid (AZD4017)

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is an attractive mechanism for the treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. We report here the discovery of a nicotinic amide derived carboxylic acid class of inhibitors that has good potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Compound <b>11i</b> (AZD4017) is an effective inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 in human adipocytes and exhibits good druglike properties and as a consequence was selected for clinical development

Design of Selective sPLA₂‑X Inhibitor (−)-2-{2-[Carbamoyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)‑1<i>H</i>‑indol-1-yl]pyridine-2-yl}propanoic Acid

A lead generation campaign identified indole-based sPLA₂-X inhibitors with a promising selectivity profile against other sPLA₂ isoforms. Further optimization of sPLA₂ selectivity and metabolic stability resulted in the design of (−)-<b>17</b>, a novel, potent, and selective sPLA₂-X inhibitor with an exquisite pharmacokinetic profile characterized by high absorption and low clearance, and low toxicological risk. Compound (−)-<b>17</b> was tested in an ApoE^–/– murine model of atherosclerosis to evaluate the effect of reversible, pharmacological sPLA₂-X inhibition on atherosclerosis development. Despite being well tolerated and achieving adequate systemic exposure of mechanistic relevance, (−)-<b>17</b> did not significantly affect circulating lipid and lipoprotein biomarkers and had no effect on coronary function or histological markers of atherosclerosis

Discovery of a Series of Indole‑2 Carboxamides as Selective Secreted Phospholipase A₂ Type X (sPLA₂‑X) Inhibitors

In order to assess the potential of sPLA₂-X as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, novel sPLA₂ inhibitors with improved type X selectivity are required. To achieve the objective of identifying such compounds, we embarked on a lead generation effort that resulted in the identification of a novel series of indole-2-carboxamides as selective sPLA2-X inhibitors with excellent potential for further optimization