VEGF serum levels.

<p>Quantikine Mouse VEGF immunoassay serum levels was significantly increased in the fibrotic group bearing tumor as compared to tumor alone (p = 0.01) or fibrosis alone groups (p = 0.04). No statistical significant differences were found in VEGF serum levels between the fibrotic and non-fibrotic group with tumor induction.</p

Hepatic fibrosis increase NPA tumor weight and size.

<p>In vivo S.C injection of NPA cells model was performed as described in M&M. In this model; S.C NPA-cells tumor was induced in fibrotic and naïve (no fibrosis) animals. S.C tumors were explanted at the end of 6 weeks post S.C injection, and evaluated for tumor weight and volume. (A) and (B) show the external appearance of the tumor in the animal’s back. Tumor weight (C) and volume (D) was increased significantly from (0.13±0.06gr) and (0.28±0.18ml) in the fibrotic group to (0.05±0.025 gr) and (0.09±0.01ml) in the non-fibrotic group; p-value = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively.</p

NPA Tumor inductions increase the severity of CCl4 related hepatic injury.

<p>CCl4-hepatic injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of necro-inflammatory liver lesions and ALT serum levels. Immunohistochemical staining with H&E (5X magnification) for the four major animal groups showed necro-inflammatory lesions and cell infiltrations that were increased in the fibrotic mice receiving the NPA-tumor cells (D) as compared to fibrotic alone (C). Arrows indicate the area with lymphocyte infiltrations. No inflammatory infiltrates were seen in H&E staining of (A) naïve WT and (B) naïve mice receiving the NPA-tumor cells. (E) Serum ALT levels were in line with histological findings and showed increase from (60±25/L) in fibrotic animals without tumor to (85.5 ± 20.5 U/L) in animals with tumor and hepatic fibrosis; p-value = 0.021.</p

In vitro co-culture of lymphocytes with NPA cell line.

<p>Adhered-NPA cells post co-culture with NK cells from different animal groups were analyzed for proliferation by CFSE using flow cytometry. (A) Direct co-culture of NPA cells with spleen NKs from fibrotic mice with tumor significantly decreased NPA tumor cell proliferation compared to the fibrotic mice without tumor, indicating highly stimulated NK cells effects; p-value = 0.001. (B) A representative histogram of the NPA cells following incubations with NK cells of fibrosis and tumor mice. The histogram shows CSFE-proliferations changes in day 3 and day 5 as compared to day 0 of CSFE staining. Proliferations fold changes were calculated by divided day 0 to day 5.</p

Box-and-whisker plots showing the distance, pitch and roll of the unnavigated and 3D-navigated osteotomies.

<p>Bars denote median, boxes show interquartile range (IQR), upper whiskers show third quartile plus 1.5 IQR, and lower whiskers show first quartile minus 1.5 IQR.</p

<i>GTx-Eyes</i> 3D-navigation system.

<p>(a), virtual cutting guide (red line) displayed on a CT reconstruction of the Sawbones mandible model, with navigated reciprocating saw correctly aligned (the saw blade is green) [bone anterior to the plane of the saw blade is clipped in the image so that the osteotomy plane can be visualized through the bone]; (b), the indicators of distance, pitch and roll move and change color from red to yellow then green as the navigated saw is aligned precisely with the virtual cutting guide; (c), the saw blade also turns from red to yellow then green as it is lined up correctly; (d), virtual cutting guide (red line) and unnavigated and 3D-navigated osteotomies (blue lines) after the analysis of multiple osteotomized models.</p

Planned osteotomies in Sawbones mandible and maxilla.

<p>Planned osteotomies in Sawbones mandible and maxilla.</p

Differences in distance, pitch and roll between the virtually planned osteotomy and the unnavigated and 3D-navigated osteotomies.

<p>Differences in distance, pitch and roll between the virtually planned osteotomy and the unnavigated and 3D-navigated osteotomies.</p