Indicators used in the study to test the Wilson and Cleary theoretical framework in pediatric data: concepts, measured variables and details of the instruments used.

<p>Indicators used in the study to test the Wilson and Cleary theoretical framework in pediatric data: concepts, measured variables and details of the instruments used.</p

HRQoL at baseline and follow-up by the study variables.

<p>HRQoL at baseline and follow-up by the study variables.</p

Descriptive statistics of the participants.

<p>Descriptive statistics of the participants.</p

Theoretical framework to study changes on HRQoL: measurement variables and standardized estimates (β, p values and residual variances).

<p>Note: χ2 = 8.51; df = 5; p = 0.13; SRMR = 0.02 RMSEA = 0.06 Standardized coefficients are given. *P value and coefficients with the highest effect in categories of the dummy variables socioeconomic status and kindergarten groups. Ref category in gender are females.</p

Longitudinal modelling on HRQoL scores.

<p>Generalized estimating equations (GEE) adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic and sociodemographic conditions.</p

ROI-based evaluation results for the comparison of BR and BF.

<p>Visualizations of F-values (<i>A</i>) and t-values from the post-hoc paired t-test (<i>B</i>). As in the previous figure, ROIs for intersections of areas with eccentricity intervals are arranged in a pattern corresponding to flat maps of the visual cortex (LH: left hemisphere, RH: right hemisphere, CF: calcarine fissure). In panel (<i>A</i>) the numbers of voxels showing significant effects-of-interest that were included in evaluations are documented as white numbers.</p

Descriptive statistics of the study sample.

<p>Descriptive statistics of the study sample.</p

BOLD responses, individual flat map and maximum probability map for group analysis.

<p>(A) BOLD time series for the three conditions BF (red), BR (green) and BFR (blue), estimated for the individual visual areas (V1–V4 and MT+) and eccentricity intervals (E1–E5) within V1 to V4, averaged across all subjects (error bars: standard error of the mean). (B, C) Exemplary results on the individual flat map for a representative subject. The t-contrasts BFR/BR (B) and BFR/BF (C) are shown projected onto the flat maps of the subject’s left and right hemisphere (negative t-values: blue scale, positive t-values: red-to-yellow scale). Visual areas are separated by black lines and eccentricity intervals by green lines. (D) Maximum-probability flat maps (MPMs) of intersections of visual areas and eccentricity intervals for the subject group in normalized coordinates for the left and the right hemisphere. Areas are shown in different colors for better delineation (LH: left hemisphere, RH: right hemisphere).</p

ROI-based evaluation results for conditions BFR and BR.

<p>F-test and t-test results are visualized for the 41 ROIs per hemisphere. Panels (A) and (C) show the results of the factor condition for the F-test for BFR/BR, and (B) and (D) show them for BFR/BF. ROIs for intersections of visual areas and eccentricity intervals (E1–E5) are arranged schematically in a pattern corresponding to flat maps of the visual cortex (LH: left hemisphere, RH: right hemisphere, CF: calcarine fissure) (A,B), or are shown as their masks projected on the flat map for the subject group (C, D). Significance level was set to 5%, Bonferroni corrected (p<0.05/40 = 0.00125). Significant ROIs are colored in a red-to-yellow scale, non-significant ROIs are shown with grey levels. The numbers within the ROIs in (A) and (C) denote the number of voxels that showed significant effects of stimulation (total volumes can be obtained by multiplying these with the voxel volume, V = 3×3×3 mm³). Note the different scale limits for F-values. Within intersection ROIs that showed significant effects of stimulation, a post-hoc paired t-test was performed. In panels (E) and (F), the t-values for BFR–BR and BFR–BF are visualized. The comparison BFR–BR (E) shows exclusively negative t-values for ROIs in areas V3/V4 at higher eccentricities. In BFR–BF (F) only positive t-values were found, mainly for ROIs in V1/V2 at lower eccentricities.</p

Additional file 1: of Evaluation of large-group lectures in medicine – development of the SETMED-L (Student Evaluation of Teaching in MEDical Lectures) questionnaire

Original German questionnaire and English translation. (PDF 134 kb