Example of conservation-of-number trial and percentages of explained variance between percentage of fMRI signal change during the conservation task and behavioral scores for the successful and the control groups of children.

<p>Lower scores for the Stroop task reflect higher inhibitory control efficiency.</p

Reading ROIs of the meta-analysis of Houdé et al (2010) [1].

<p> ROIs used to exact gray matter volumes for analysis (L SMA: Left Supplementary Motor Area; L VWFA: Left Visual Word Form Area; L IFG: Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus; L MTG: Left Middle Temporal Gyrus; L PG/IFG: Left Precentral Gyrus/Inferior Frontal Gyrus; R Insula: Right Insula; L Thalamus: Left Thalamus; L IPG: Left Inferior Parietal Gyrus; L ITG: Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus; L PG: Left Precentral Gyrus; L antIOG: Left anterior part of Inferior Occipital Gyrus; L IOG: Left Inferior Occipital Gyrus).</p

Regression analyses on the volumetry of ROIs in the two groups of children.

<p>² value of the complete model of the regression. Regression analyzes were performed on volume extracted from the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) hemispheres (without cerebellum) and the different ROIs including factor sex (boys vs girls), hand preference (right vs left), age class (corresponding to young vs older children group) and the TIV. The values in the table represent p values except for last column that correspond to R</p

<i>F</i> Ratio and <i>p</i> values of the parameter estimates in the regression analysis between the activity of brain regions necessary to surpass the length-numerosity interference and behavioral tests for children who succeeded to the length-interference items (successful group) and for children who were not able to efficiently perform the Piagetian task (control group).

<p>Note: L = Left; R = Right.</p><p>Note that age and gender were included as covariates in the analyses. *<i>p</i><0.05.</p

MNI coordinates and number of voxels of brain regions more activated in children who succeeded to the length-interference items than in children who were not able to efficiently perform the Piagetian task.

<p>Note: L = Left; R = Right.</p><p>This network represents the brain regions necessary to surpass the length-numerosity interference.</p

Correlations between ROI volumes according to the group of children.

<p> Between the ROIs, only significant correlation coefficients were reported for older/young children.</p

Effects of the reading speed index on the anatomical ROIs for older children.

<p>² value of the complete model of the regression. The volumes of the VWFA, the left thalamus and the anterior part of the left inferior occipital gyrus (L antIOG) were significantly modulated by the reading speed index. The values in the table represent p factor values except for last column that correspond to R</p

Negative covariation with reading speed index.

<p>VBM analysis revealed only one area that correlated negatively with the reading speed score: the VWFA (MNI coordinates −43, −43, −15, <i>p</i> value <.001 uncorrected).</p

3D rendering (left) and sagittal views (right) show the loss of gray matter volume between the local bias group and global bias group of children.

<p>L: left; R: right. For illustrative purposes, the maps were thresholded at <i>p</i> = 0.01.</p

Anatomic localization, localization extent, MNI coordinates, and Z scores for maximal gray matter volume differences between the local bias group and the global bias group of children.

<p>L: left; R: right.</p