Clinical and hormonal data of patients with mutated <i>MAMLD1</i>.

<p>SD: standard deviation. ND: not determined. NA: not available. DHT: dihydrotestosterone. DHEA: dihydroepiandrsosterone. Parentheses indicate the standard deviation for height and weight and the normal range for hormone serum levels. Testes of 1–2 ml can be regarded as normal, as recently reported by Shibata et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032505#pone.0032505-Shibata1" target="_blank">[34]</a>.</p>*<p>It is notable that anti-mullerian hormone and inhibin were lowered in one case. <i>MAMLD1</i> is indeed reported to be expressed in Sertoli cells, as well <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032505#pone.0032505-Fukami1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p

Transactivation function of the variants of the MAMLD1 protein analyzed by the luciferase method.

<p>The activity is evaluated for pHes3-luc vector.</p

Homology study showed that this amino acid was highly conserved through species for the c.1041C>A and c.1151C>T mutations.

<p>Homology study showed that this amino acid was highly conserved through species for the c.1041C>A and c.1151C>T mutations.</p

Tertiary structure prediction of the wildtype protein (left column) and with the mutants.

<p>3D structure was predicted at Protein Homology/analogY Recognition Engine (PhyreEngine) from the Structural Bioinformatics Group, Imperial College, London, at <a href="http:www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/phyre~/" target="_blank">http:www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/phyre~/</a>. The plain arrows show the changes in the shape of the protein between the wildtype and p.P384L.</p

Incidence of exonic polymorphisms p.P359S and p.N662S, and relative haplotypes in normal controls and 46,XY DSD patients.

<p>Controls are combined with the published series (matched for ethnicity of patients and controls) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032505#pone.0032505-Kalfa1" target="_blank">[13]</a><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032505#pone.0032505-Chen1" target="_blank">[14]</a>. The χ-square test was performed. When combining all patients with the p.662G polymorphism whatever the p.359 allele, this p.662G was significantly more frequent in 46,XY DSD patients: 27.1% (n = 19) vs. 6.8% (n = 40), <i>p</i> = 0.0001.</p

Electrochromatograms and pedigrees of the three patients with <i>MAMLD1</i> mutations.

<p>The black squares indicate patients with posterior hypospadias. All mutant sequences were controlled by wildtype (WT) DNA. Regarding case 1's family, only the members III-3 and II-4 were genotyped, as the other members in the pedigree declined genetic testing.</p

Relative luciferase units (RLU) of the wildtype androgen receptor (WT) and D551H protein and their curves of concentration-response.

<p>The D551H mutation significantly reduces the transactivation at DHT concentrations between 0.01 and 10 nM. T-test including equal variance test and was performed using Sigma Stat. *: p = 0.38 ; **: p<0.001.</p

Homology study showed that this amino acid was highly conserved through species for the c.1651G>C mutation.

<p>Homology study showed that this amino acid was highly conserved through species for the c.1651G>C mutation.</p