Correlation of coarse particulate matter (PM_10-2.5) pollution with Emergency Department daily admissions for venous thromboembolism by unadjusted and multiple adjusted Poisson regression.

†<p>: adjusted for atmospheric variables (i.e. mean temperature, humidity, and air pressure).</p>‡<p>: adjusted for atmospheric variables and PM_2.5.</p

Seasonal trend of total, fine, and coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_10-2.5) concentrations during the study period.

<p>In <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034831#pone-0034831-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>, PM₁₀ levels are represented by the orange line and the area under the curve is divided in the 2 components, PM_2.5 represented by the green area and PM_10-2.5 represented by the ochre yellow area. In <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034831#pone-0034831-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>, the seasonal trend of PM_10-2.5 concentrations is separately represented and related with data of daily admissions for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The dashed line represents the PM_10-2.5 75^th percentile, at 19 µg/m³.</p

Association between daily hospital referral for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and coarse particulate matter (PM_10-2.5) concentration at different time-lags.

<p>The association was estimated by using distributed lag non-linear models with VTE risk as outcome and time-lags expressed as the number of previous days. Only the current-day (lag 0) PM_2.5-10 levels presented a significant association with VTE risk.</p

Coarse particulate matter (PM_10-2.5) and daily admissions to the Emergency Department for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

<p>Data are presented as mean level of PM_10-2.5 concentration (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034831#pone-0034831-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2A</a>) and prevalence of days with high PM_10-2.5 concentration, defined as higher than the 75^th percentile – 19 mcg/m³ (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034831#pone-0034831-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2B</a>), according to the number of daily admissions to the Emergency Department for VTE.</p

Pearson's correlations of particulate matter (PM) concentrations, considered as a whole (PM₁₀) or subdivided in the finest (PM_2.5) and the coarse component (PM_10-2.5), with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT).^*

*<p>: This analysis was performed in a subgroup of patients admitted to Emergency Department for mild respiratory symptoms, without active thrombosis and not taking anticoagulant therapy, for whom data about coagulation times were available (n = 102).</p

Hypothesis for a role of main functional genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism and cancer risk through DNA methylation.

<p>Polymorphic genetic variants in one-carbon enzymes can affect the balance between biological methylation and nucleic acids synthesis pathways inducing an aberrant DNA methylation and eventually leading to cancer development. BHMT, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; MTHFD1, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MTR, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase; MTRR, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase; RFC1, reduced folate carrier 1; SHMT1, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1; TCII, transcobalamin II; THF, tetrahydrofolate, and TS, thymidylate synthase.</p

Comparison of polymorphic variants frequencies between cancer patients and cancer-free subjects.

<p>Comparison of polymorphic variants frequencies between cancer patients and cancer-free subjects.</p

<i>MTHFD1</i> 1958G>A genotypes and cancer risk.

<p>The <i>MTHFD1</i> 1958A allele is associated to a lower cancer risk as expressed by means of Odds Ratio (OR) adjusted for sex and age.</p

Global DNA methylation levels in PBMCs according to the <i>MTHFD1</i> 1958G>A genotypes.

<p>Global DNA methylation levels according to the <i>MTHFD1</i> 1958G>A genotypes in cancer patients and cancer-free subjects. GG: n = 72, GA+AA: n = 332. The error bar represents standard deviation (SD).</p

<i>MTHFD1</i> 1958G>A genotypes and colon cancer risk.

<p>The <i>MTHFD1</i>1958AA genotype is associated to a significantly reduced colon cancer risk by means of Odds Ratio (OR) adjusted for sex and age.</p