In situ phase behaviour of a high capacity LiCoPO4 electrode during constant or pulsed charge of a lithium cell

The phase changes that occur during lithium extraction from LiCoPO4 in lithium half-cells were studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The existence of two two-phase regions with an intermediate phase present was observed. Significant variations in the composition of the phases of nominal stoichiometry LiCoPO4, Li2/3CoPO4 and CoPO4 resulted in unit cell volume variations. On current pulsing, lattice parameter shifts and phase recovery were directly observed

Loot boxes and problem gambling: Investigating the “gateway hypothesis”

Loot boxes are purchasable items in video games with a chance-based outcome. They have attracted substantial attention from academics and legislators over recent years, partly because of associations between loot box engagement and problem gambling. Some researchers have suggested that loot boxes may act as a gateway into subsequent gambling and/or problem gambling. However, such “gateway effects” have not been formally investigated. Using a survey of 1102 individuals who both purchase loot boxes and gamble, we found that 19.87% of the sample self reported either “gateway effects” (loot boxes causally influencing subsequent gambling) or “reverse gateway effects” (gambling causally influencing subsequent loot box engagement). Both subsets of participants had higher scores for problem gambling, problem video gaming, gambling-related cognitions, risky loot boxes engagement, and impulsivity. These individuals also had a tendency for higher loot box and gambling spend; suggesting that potential gateway effects are related to measurable risks and harms. Moreover, the majority of participants reporting gateway effects were under 18 when they first purchased loot boxes. Content analysis of free text responses revealed several reasons for self-reported gateway effects, the most frequent of which were sensation-seeking, normalisation of gambling-like behaviours, and the addictive nature of both activities. Whilst the cross-sectional nature of our findings cannot conclusively establish directions of causality, thus highlighting the need for longitudinal research, we conclude that there is a case for legislation on loot boxes for harm minimisation purposes

Interfacial rearrangements and strain evolution in the thin film growth of ZnPc on glass

We report on the characterization of the growth of vacuum-deposited zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films on glass through a combination of in situ grazing incidence x-ray scattering, x-ray reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy. We found that the growth at room temperature proceeds via the formation of two structurally unique substrate-induced interfacial layers, followed by the growth of the γ-ZnPc polymorph thereafter (thickness ≈1.0 nm). As the growth of the bulk γ-ZnPc progresses, a substantial out-of-plane lattice strain (≈15% relative to γ-ZnPc powder) is continually relaxed during the thin film growth. The rate of strain relaxation was slowed after a thickness of ≈13 nm, corresponding to the transition from layer growth to island growth. The findings reveal the real-time microstructural evolution of ZnPc and highlight the importance of substrate-induced strain on thin film growth

Loot boxes and problem gambling: Investigating the “gateway hypothesis”

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107327Loot boxes are purchasable items in video games with a chance-based outcome. They have attracted substantial attention from academics and legislators over recent years, partly because of associations between loot box engagement and problem gambling. Some researchers have suggested that loot boxes may act as a gateway into subsequent gambling and/or problem gambling. However, such “gateway effects” have not been formally investigated. Using a survey of 1102 individuals who both purchase loot boxes and gamble, we found that 19.87% of the sample self-reported either “gateway effects” (loot boxes causally influencing subsequent gambling) or “reverse gateway effects” (gambling causally influencing subsequent loot box engagement). Both subsets of participants had higher scores for problem gambling, problem video gaming, gambling-related cognitions, risky loot boxes engagement, and impulsivity. These individuals also had a tendency for higher loot box and gambling spend; suggesting that potential gateway effects are related to measurable risks and harms. Moreover, the majority of participants reporting gateway effects were under 18 when they first purchased loot boxes. Content analysis of free text responses revealed several reasons for self-reported gateway effects, the most frequent of which were sensation-seeking, normalisation of gambling-like behaviours, and the addictive nature of both activities. Whilst the cross-sectional nature of our findings cannot conclusively establish directions of causality, thus highlighting the need for longitudinal research, we conclude that there is a case for legislation on loot boxes for harm minimisation purposes.This project was funded by the charity GambleAware, with additional funding from the University of Plymouth School of Psychology. S. G. Spicer was additionally supported by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funder/supporter organisations.Accepted versio

Education Journal Magazine: Volume 2, Edition 1

Contents: Socially Distant Stories from Beyond the Screen by Dr Chris Bolton and Dr Rebecca Patterson Peer Observation - A record of thoughts and experience by Heather Whitehead Continual Professional Development in Computing Education within the BCU partnership by Chris Swan An analysis of critical incidences within mentoring through Driscoll’s model of reflection by Rebecca Crichton LGBT History Month – A Call Out by Bev Cole and Ross Strong Current Enquiry and Practice The teaching of early reading: is systematic synthetic phonics the way forward? by Lewis Cope Mathematical language and reasoning: A critical analysis by Libby Forde Primary science policy and assessment: A critical analysis by Libby Forde Individual Enquiry and Scholarship Girls with Autism: At the School Gate – The Initial Thoughts of an Emerging Researcher at BCU by Miranda Barker “I can take the smallest thing / and help you sing with joy” by Rod Dungate Climate Change Education: coming to an approved platform near you by Mark Taylo

Education Journal Magazine: Volume 3, Edition 3

Contents: Supporting bereaved students in a Walsall Secondary School: What strategies can be implemented in addition to those that are currently available to teachers? By Aliya Levene Is there an impact on a student’s participation levels in extra-curricular rugby based on their socio-economic status? By Lewis Jones How does the physical layout of a science classroom affect teaching secondary science? By Stephen Caton Does the English National Curriculum, with a focus on writing, offer enough opportunity for children’s agency? By Simone Douglas An exploration into the application of social learning theories in an early years classroom – SEN case study by Robyn Weir Writing for Pleasure: How comic strips can inspire children (and adults) to love writing by Suzanne Swan How prepared are Primary Pre-Service Teachers when teaching Physical Education? The study outline – Part one. By Simon Chapman Teachers’ perceptions of Criteria-Based Assessment Model of the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Program by Pousali Poddar In music and through music: Inclusion and equity for pupils with PMLD in the context of classroom music-making by Ben Seller

Education Journal Magazine: Volume 3, Edition 2

Contents: Perceived Stress in Early Career Mathematics Teachers by Helen Lowther Questioning The Demise of Creativity within the Current Educational System by Charlotte Reid Is introducing a zero-tolerance behaviour policy the best decision for your school? By Georgina Williams The benefits of collaboration to develop health, education and wellbeing outcomes across educational institutions utilising the School Games Programme by Hannah Reed Using a thematic curriculum in Secondary Physical Education by Aliya Levene Since the emergence of statutory assessments, has the broad and balanced curriculum been eliminated? by Deanah Al-Dean Saleem Building the capacity to provide effective personalised feedback to students in the early years setting by Sonali Malhotra Random musings on education instruction applied to a STEM subject by Kash Haq and Martin Goldberg A phenomenological approach to inclusion: prioritising textual analysis and lived experiences by Israel Chukwuka Okunwaye The Space in-between by Kevin Daje

Education Journal Magazine: Volume 3, Edition 1

Contents: Education and reading are circular – the more a person has of one, the better the development of the other”: An investigation into how poetry can nurture and develop students’ falling relationship with reading for pleasure by Charlotte Reid Article to the government addressing the safeguarding of young Muslim students in schools by Hashim Shabbir Vali A reflective dissertation that tailored the Continuous Professional Development required to educate early years teaching staff about formative assessment using a socio-emotional perspective by Sonali Malhotra Concept based learning: an alternate mode of practice in Education? Crafting a learning experience using Bakhtin’s Dialogic Pedagogy by Babita Ginda Academic paper for an online audience regarding an approach to behaviour management by Hashim Shabbir Vali An introduction to research for leaders – Part one: carrying out your research by Shrehan Lynch, Lizana Oberholzer and Laura McBean An introduction to research for leaders – Part two: carrying out your research by Shrehan Lynch, Lizana Oberholzer and Laura McBean The why, how and when of LGBT+ education by Hanna Shrive, Helen Tiplady and Emma Whewell Twitter as a VCoP by Poppy Gibson and Mike Scott Improving the educational experiences and outcomes of looked after children in secondary education: the role of teacher training and continued professional development by William Coughlin-Miller Extending Impact and Influencing Others by Georgia Shakespeare Leading learning in communities: an exploration of an online Learning-Based Intervention aimed at supporting disadvantaged students’ return to the classroom by Christy Smithers Using Bernstein’s theory of pedagogical devices to examine compromises made within physical education curriculum designs by Tarandeep Malh

Education Journal Magazine: Volume 2, Edition 3

Contents: The BCU ITE Partnerships: The Importance of an Effective ITE Mentoring Relationship by Amanda Brougham An autoethnographic analysis of mentor critical feedback adopting the use of McAteer’s reflective cycle by Dr Conner Hodgkiss Critical reflection on the impact of praise on my teaching practice and its effectiveness by Melissa Fulton Navigating towards a career as a secondary school PE teacher. My perspective as a female Muslim student teacher by Muna Mohammed Going Back to the Future by Fiona Darby Current Enquiry and Practice Reconstructing the Cinderella subject: a critical review of Religious Education in the National Curriculum by Gemma Waring An analysis of the TGfU model through the eyes of a physical education undergraduate student teacher by Amy Jackson “I don’t think it’s out there enough”: Practitioners’ views on the status of Early Years Professionals in comparison to Qualified Teachers by Sophie Hardaway and Dr Zoe Lewis Hybridisation Model of Leadership – how it can support professional development? by Paola Pedrelli Working in partnership with students for assessment topics in postgraduate education: lessons from physiotherapy education by Jodie Bryant and Harriet Shannon Individual Enquiry and Scholarship The impact of collaboration on innovative practice in teaching the Holocaust at KS3 by Anna Hogan Passion vs Professionalism by Riel Barbon An Exploration of the Impact of the Singapore Bar Method on Algebraic Misconceptions by Olivia Haywood Oh the Grand Old Duke of York: Musical pedagogy as a responsive approach for co-regulation within the Early Years by Charlie Swan THE POWER OF CHRISTMAS! Suzanne Swa