Results from analysis of data-glove data on task performance and mirror movements and scores on isometric contractions derived from EMG-data for controls.

<p>Abbreviations: EMG Electromyography, MM mirror movements, SD standard deviation, t-test student’s t test statistic, p p-value for student’s t test statistic, UA unaffected amplitude, AA affected amplitude, UF unaffected force, AF affected force, NA Data unavailable (due to malfunction of equipment), <math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mrow></math> % of EMG signal during maximum voluntary contraction.</p><p>Results from analysis of data-glove data on task performance and mirror movements and scores on isometric contractions derived from EMG-data for controls.</p

Results ANOVA Differences in brain activation between and within groups.

<p>Abbreviations: F value for F-statistic, p p-value for f-statistic.</p><p>¹ = group * ROI * hemisphere interaction</p><p>² = group * ROI interaction</p><p>³ = condition * ROI * hemisphere interaction</p><p>⁴ = condition * ROI interaction</p><p>Results ANOVA Differences in brain activation between and within groups.</p

Group activation move vs. rest for 4 sessions, unaffected amplitude (UA), affected amplitude (AA), unaffected force (UF), and affected force (AF) between patients (P) and controls(C).

<p>For illustration purposes threshold was set at T>5 uncorrected.</p

Mean results for Amplitude and Force tasks for the unaffected and affected hand for patients and controls.

<p>Bars show the mean beta per ROI (±1 SD) cerebellum, PM, SMA, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus and insula for the left (affected) and right (unaffected) hemisphere (LH, RH). Patients’ T-maps were flipped so affected hand was always the right hand.</p

Patient Characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations: TPS time post stroke, M Male, F Female, Hand Handedness (Dexterity was established by the Edinburgh Hand Inventory), R right, L left, R+ forced to write, A ambidextrous, Hem lesioned hemisphere, P pontine, C extending to cortex, SC subcortical.</p><p>*NHPT results are given as percentage of norm scores (corrected for age and handedness).</p><p>Patient Characteristics.</p

Practice and Encoding Activity

<p>Multivariate tests for signals in ROIs related to encoding. Signals were tested over all runs (1st column) and between novel task (NT) and each practice run (PT). Significant results are displayed in bold. (For abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003270#pone-0003270-t002" target="_blank">table 2</a>).</p

Histogram of incidence of isometric contractions (MM) in the contralateral hand defined by a score consisting of the correlation of the electromyography (EMG) signal measured at the extensor muscles of the contralateral hand during the task with the task boxcar multiplied by the average % of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVE¯) (measured before the session in the scanner) of the muscle during the session.

<p>Patient-scores are depicted in black. Control-scores are depicted in grey.</p

Results from analysis of data-glove data on task performance and mirror movements and scores on isometric contractions derived from EMG-data for patients.

<p>Abbreviations: EMG Electromyography, MM mirror movements, SD standard deviation, t-test student’s t test statistic, p p-value for student’s t test statistic, UA unaffected amplitude, AA affected amplitude, UF unaffected force, AF affected force, NA Data unavailable (due to malfunction of equipment), <math><mrow><mrow><mi>%</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mrow></math> percentage of EMG signal during maximum voluntary contraction.</p><p>Results from analysis of data-glove data on task performance and mirror movements and scores on isometric contractions derived from EMG-data for patients.</p

Practice and Response Selection Activity

<p>Multivariate tests for ROI signals related to response selection. Signals were tested over all runs (1st column) and between novel task (NT) and each practice run (PT). Significant results are displayed in bold. (For abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003270#pone-0003270-t003" target="_blank">table 3</a>).</p

Response Selection ROI's

<p>Description of ROIs showing activity correlated with response phase. Abbreviations: RS = response selection; BA = Brodmann Area; NV = number of voxels in ROI (size of ROI); x, y, z = MNI coordinates of voxel with highest t-value in ROI; tmax: maximum t-value in ROI).</p