8,475 research outputs found
Spontaneous magnetisation in the plane
The Arak process is a solvable stochastic process which generates coloured
patterns in the plane. Patterns are made up of a variable number of random
non-intersecting polygons. We show that the distribution of Arak process states
is the Gibbs distribution of its states in thermodynamic equilibrium in the
grand canonical ensemble. The sequence of Gibbs distributions form a new model
parameterised by temperature. We prove that there is a phase transition in this
model, for some non-zero temperature. We illustrate this conclusion with
simulation results. We measure the critical exponents of this off-lattice model
and find they are consistent with those of the Ising model in two dimensions.Comment: 23 pages numbered -1,0...21, 8 figure
Lateral transfer in Stochastic Dollo models
Lateral transfer, a process whereby species exchange evolutionary traits
through non-ancestral relationships, is a frequent source of model
misspecification in phylogenetic inference. Lateral transfer obscures the
phylogenetic signal in the data as the histories of affected traits are mosaics
of the overall phylogeny. We control for the effect of lateral transfer in a
Stochastic Dollo model and a Bayesian setting. Our likelihood is highly
intractable as the parameters are the solution of a sequence of large systems
of differential equations representing the expected evolution of traits along a
tree. We illustrate our method on a data set of lexical traits in Eastern
Polynesian languages and obtain an improved fit over the corresponding model
without lateral transfer.Comment: Improvements suggested by reviewer
Subsonic sphere drag measurements at intermediate Reynolds numbers
Wind tunnel drag measurements on subsonic spher
A study of two phase detonation as it relates to rocket motor combustion instability
Two-phase detonation in rocket motor combustion instability - production of monodisperse spray
Effect of microstructure and temperature on the erosion rates and mechanisms of modified EB PVD TBCs
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have now been used in gas turbine engines for a
number of decades and are now considered to be an accepted technology. As there
is a constant drive to increase the turbine entry temperature, in order to
increase engine efficiency, the coatings operate in increasingly hostile
environments. Thus there is a constant drive to both increase the temperature
capabilities of TBCs while at the same time reducing their thermal
conductivities. The thermal conductivity of standard 7 wt% yttria stabilized
zirconia (7YSZ) electron beam (EB) physical vapour deposited (PVD) TBCs can be
reduced in two ways: the first by modification of the microstructure of the TBC
and the second by addition of ternary oxides. By modifying the microstructure of
the TBC such that there are more fine pores, more photon scattering centres are
introduced into the coatings, which reduce the heat transfer by radiation. While
ternary oxides will introduce lattice defects into the coating, which increases
the phonon scattering, thus reducing the thermal conductivity via lattice
vibrations. Unfortunately, both of these methods can have a negative effect on
the erosion resistance of EB PVD TBCs. This paper compares the relative erosion
rates of ten different EB PVD TBCs tested at 90à ° impact at room temperature and
at high temperature and discusses the results in term of microstructural and
temperature effects. It was found that by modifying the coating deposition, such
that a low density coating with a highly â  featheredâ  microstructure formed,
generally resulted in an increase in the erosion rate at room temperature. When
there was a significant change between the room temperature and the high
temperature erosion mechanism it was accompanied by a significant decrease in
the erosion rate, while additions of dopents was found to significantly increase
the erosion rate at room and high temperature. However, all the modified
coatings still had a lower erosion rate than a plasma sprayed coatings. So,
although, relative to a standard 7YSZ coating, the modified coatings have a
lower erosion resistance, they still perform better than PS TBCs and their lower
thermal conductivities could make them viable alternatives to 7YSZ for use in
gas turbine en
Out of the pot and into the money: Managing the Western Rock Lobster Fishery by ITE's or ITQ's?
The West Coast Rock Lobster fishery is Australia's most valuable commercial fishery. Around 550 vessels harvest an average of 10,500 tonnes of lobster per annum. The industry has an enviable track record of biological management based on a variety of input controls, although three significant pot reduction interventions have been necessary in recent years. An evaluation of a range of possible future management regimes is reported in this paper. The results were derived from a purpose built bio-economic model three separate biological zones in the fishery using non linear optimization to produce ten year steady state solutions for alternative management options. Management options included the current pot control system, and versions of variable transferable catch quota. Key outputs for each scenario include: net economic benefits, breeder biomass index, annual catch, annual pot lifts, number of pots and vessel numbers. The results indicate significant potential net economic gains from moving away from the current input control regime. The range of scenarios modelled illustrated some of the tradeoffs between maximising net economic returns and minimizing biological risks, as well as quantifying the impact of changes such as improved pot design and extended fishing seasons. The results will inform consideration by the industry about a possible new management system.rock lobster, quotas, ITQs, Western Australia, bioeconomic, economic benefits, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
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