2 research outputs found
Pyrazolopyrimidines in âall-naturalâ products for erectile dysfunction treatment: the unreliable quality of dietary supplements
<div><p>A herbal food supplement advertised as a potency pill was screened for the presence of PDE5 inhibitors. The resulting signals were characterised by UV, LC-MS in ESI-negative mode, and NMR spectroscopy using 1D and 2D experiments. Several substances were identified, bearing the basic chemical structure of sildenafil, but were not supposed to exhibit PDE5 inhibition. These compounds may be process-related impurities or by-products of different reaction steps in the synthesis of PDE5 analogues. As they were found to be present in different capsules at different concentrations, this is an example of the unreliable quality of dietary supplements.</p></div
Isotopologue Profiling of Triterpene Formation under Physiological Conditions. Biosynthesis of Lupeol-3-(3â˛â<i>R</i>âhydroxy)-stearate in <i>Pentalinon andrieuxii</i>
The
biosynthesis of lupeol-3-(3â˛<i>R</i>-hydroxy)-stearate
(procrim b, <b>1</b>) was investigated in the Mexican medicinal
plant <i>Pentalinon andrieuxii</i> by <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-chase experiments. NMR analyses revealed positional
enrichments of <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-isotopologues in both the
triterpenoid and the hydroxystearate moieties of <b>1</b>. Five
of the six isoprene units reflected a pattern with [1,2-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]- and [3,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]-isotopologues
from the respective C<sub>5</sub>-precursors, IPP and DMAPP, whereas
one isoprene unit in the ring E of <b>1</b> showed only the
[3,5-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]-connectivity of the original C<sub>5</sub>-precursor, due to rearrangement of the dammarenyl cation
intermediate during the cyclization process. The presence of <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>-isotopologues was indicative of [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>]Âacetyl-CoA being the precursor units in the formation
of the fatty acid moiety and of the triterpene via the mevalonate
route. The observed labeling pattern was in agreement with a chair-chair-chair-boat
conformation of the (<i>S</i>)-2,3-oxidosqualene precursor
during the cyclization process, suggesting that the lupeol synthase
from <i>P. andrieuxii</i> is of the same type as that from <i>Olea europea</i> and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>,
but different from that of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.
The study shows that <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-chase experiments
are powerful in elucidating, under <i>in vivo</i> conditions
and in a single experiment, the biosynthesis of complex plant products
including higher terpenes