Framing Social Justice: The Ties That Bind a Multinational Occupational Community

The notion of a frame is central to the conceptualisation of social justice and the grounding of social justice claims. Influential theories of social justice are typically grounded in national or cosmopolitan framings. Those entitled to raise claims of injustice are identified as citizens of states or the globe, respectively. The re-visioning of understandings of space and belonging, incumbent in the processes of globalisation, problematises static geographical framings. We offer an alternative lens and argue for the inclusion of sociological data in accounts of social justice to identify the relevant framing of the community of entitlement. Drawing on secondary analysis of a qualitative dataset, we explore the case of multinational seafarers caught at the intersection of competing appeals to nationality and commonality as an exemplar of transnational workers. And, argue that there are compelling grounds to treat this group of multinational seafarers as a community of entitlement

Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions

Miscible fluids in microgravity (MFMG) AIAA-2004-962

We used a model consisting of the heat and diffusion equations with convective terms and of the Navier-Stokes equations with an additional volume force written in the form of the Korteweg stresses arising from nonlocal interaction in the fluid. It is proportional to the square of the composition gradient with the proportionality coefficient depending on temperature. We performed simulations of drops and streams of miscible fluids and showed that it is possible for transient phenomena to occur that are similar to that observed with immiscible fluids. Specificially, we show that an aspherical drop can spontaneously become spherical and that a stream of a fluid can exhibit a Rayleigh instability. We also simulated a miscible drop migrating in a temperature gradient. The MFMG experiment is planned for January 2004 on the ISS using water and honey as the miscible fluids

Numerical simulations of transient interfacial phenomena in miscible fluids AIAA-2004-631

We continue our numerical investigation of the transient interfacial phenomena in miscible fluids as part of the Transient Interfacial Phenomena in Miscible Polymer Systems (TIPMPS) flight investigation. We use a model consisting of the heat and diffusion equations with convective terms and of the Navier-Stokes equations with an additional volume force written in the form of the Korteweg stresses arising from nonlocal interaction in the fluid. It is proportional to the square of the composition gradient with the proportionality coefficient depending on temperature. We estimate this square gradient parameter on the basis of measurements from spinning drop tensiometry on poly(dodecyl acrylate)/dodecyl acrylate and the Flory-Huggins theory of polymer-solvent interactions. We carried out numerical simulations of this model and show that the capillary force can cause convection in the initially quiescent liquid. For physically realistic values of parameters the liquid motion, though decreasing rapidly in time, can be observed experimentally. We include in the model viscosity that depends on temperature and concentration. We also include mass diffusion coefficients that depend on temperature. We also show that convection caused by the change in volume during polymerization to create the initial conditions is much less than predicted from the Koreteweg effect. We also explore more realistic initial and boundary conditions. We simulate three scenarios: A temperature gradient parallel to the polymer/monomer transition zone A variation in the width of the polymer/monomer transition zone A variation in the polymer conversion along the polymer/monomer transition zone

Numerical simulations of transient interfacial phenomena in miscible fluids

Using a numerical approach we modeled a miscible polymer/monomer system with a sharp transition zone. We considered three cases: one with a variable transition zone width, one with a temperature gradient along the transition zone, and one with a gradient in the degree of polymerization. Using the Navier-Stokes equations with an additional term arising from nonlocal interactions in the fluid we demonstrated that measurable fluid flow will result in the absence of buoyancy driven convection for all three cases due to compositional gradients. © 2003 by John A. Pojman

The Role of Gravity in the Motion of Plasma Arcs Inside \u27Plasma Balls\u27: An Investigation in the NASA Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program

We present results of an investigation performed by undergraduates as part of the NASA Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program. The goal was to determine the importance of buoyancy-driven convection on the motion of plasma streamers in commercially available \u27plasma balls.\u27 The motion of the plasma streamers was studied as a function of acceleration level provided by drop experiments and parabolic flights on NASA KC-135. We determined that there were more than two contributing factors to the motion of plasma arcs: buoyancy-driven convection and magnetic fields from the Tesla coil that generated the high voltage in the plasma ball. When the plasma ball was isolated from the Tesla coil, the streamer velocities were higher. The velocities were nonzero at zero acceleration level and increased with increasing acceleration level. The nonzero velocity at zero acceleration could be the result of residual acceleration in the KC-135 or more likely an intrinsic aspect of this system

Down to earth microgravity experiments: A study to determine the benefits of classroom-based drop experiments

Classroom-based drop experiments possess the capability of demonstrating the usefulness of microgravity research to a large audience. Being conceptually simple and cost effective they are ideal for high school and undergraduate education levels. In order to determine the effectiveness of drop experiments, the following three systems were studied: A postage scale, a candle, and a plasma sphere. The results of the latter were confirmed over a larger time scale aboard the KC-135 aircraft. It was determined that drop experiments are simple and provided meaningful data. © 2001 by John A

Production and analysis of stable microfluidic devices with tunable surface hydrophilicity via the in-situ tertiary-amine catalyzed Michael addition of a multifunctional thiol to a multifunctional acrylate

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is one of the dominant polymeric hydrophobic materials that has been widely used in microfluidic devices. Here, we employed amine-catalyzed thiol-acrylate chemistry with hydrophilic and fluorinated acrylates to produce a wide range of stable hydrophilic materials without use of expensive instrumentation or complicated techniques to activate surfaces. The process involved the Michael addition of a secondary amine to a multifunctional acrylate followed by bulk modification of the polymer network with monofunctional acrylates. The surface energies of the bulk modified thiol-acrylate thermoset materials were more stable and tunable than the surface energies of physically/chemically treated PDMS. The surface energies of these microfluidics devices were programmed to have water contact angles ranging from highly hydrophilic (~11°) to slightly hydrophilic (~85°). A complete microfluidic device was fabricated illustrating the potential material as an alternative of PDMS to be used as microfluidics devices

Investigation of the intensity and pattern of plasma movement in an inert gas discharge tube

In a multiple plasma beam system such as a plasma ball, random motions were observed. The mechanism behind the motion was of principle interest to our study. We hypothesized that convection was the predominant factor in the observed movement. Since convection is dependent on gravitational forces, we proposed that the role of convection in the movement of the plasma beams could be determined by careful observation in a reduced gravity environment such as that provided by the KC-135. The results from two flights aboard the NASA KC-135 suggest that buoyancy-driven convection plays an important role in the movement of plasma streamers in an inert gas discharge tube but it is not the sole cause of movement. The complex mechanism by which the plasma streamers move is due in part to electrostatic forces existing between individual streamers, which cause repulsion or attraction that could not be followed in this study. © 2003 by John A. Pojman. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission