Radical cure primaquine policies in African countries.

<p>Most countries do not include primaquine in their malaria treatment policies or have no policy (shown in red). Countries that have radical cure for vivax malaria (0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days) as policy are shown in blue; dark blue: G6PD deficiency testing required prior to primaquine treatment, light blue: testing not required. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> provides specific details on countries’ policies and implementation and/or upcoming modifications.</p

G6PD genotypes and phenotypes.

<p>G6PD genotypes and phenotypes.</p

G6PD deficiency prevalence, testing, and primaquine policies in American malaria-endemic countries.

<p>G6PD deficiency prevalence, testing, and primaquine policies in American malaria-endemic countries.</p

Malaria, G6PD deficiency, and indications for primaquine in different malaria-endemic regions.

<p>Malaria, G6PD deficiency, and indications for primaquine in different malaria-endemic regions.</p

Radical cure primaquine policies in Asia, Oceania, and Middle East countries.

<p>All countries have policies to use primaquine for radical cure of vivax malaria, mainly as 0.25 mg/kg/day for 14 days, with some countries using the weekly regimen (0.75 mg/kg once weekly for 8 weeks). Colours indicate requirement for G6PD deficiency testing before primaquine administration: blue—G6PD deficiency testing required, red—testing not required, with light red or blue for unobserved therapy and dark red or blue for directly observed therapy (DOT). Implementation of these policies, regimens used, and requirement for G6PD deficiency testing vary between countries. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.t005" target="_blank">Table 5</a> provides details on countries’ policies, implementation, and/or upcoming modifications.</p

Single-dose primaquine policies in African countries.

<p>Most countries do not include primaquine in their malaria treatment policies (shown in red). Countries that use single low dose primaquine (SLD of 0.25 mg/kg, for most countries only very recently adopted) as policy for falciparum treatment are shown in dark blue. For specific details on countries’ policies and implementation and/or upcoming modifications, refer to <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>. The map was created using an online tool [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.ref087" target="_blank">87</a>].</p

Radical cure primaquine policies in American countries.

<p>None of the countries requires G6PD deficiency testing before primaquine administration except French Guiana. Colours indicate the different regimens for radical cure of vivax malaria: blue—14 days, red—7 days, with light red or blue for unobserved therapy and dark red or blue for directly observed therapy (DOT). <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.t006" target="_blank">Table 6</a> provides specific details on countries’ policies and implementation and/or upcoming modifications.</p

G6PD deficiency prevalences^*, testing, and primaquine policies in African malaria-endemic countries.

<p>G6PD deficiency prevalences^{<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#t004fn002" target="_blank">*</a>}, testing, and primaquine policies in African malaria-endemic countries.</p

G6PDd prevalence, testing, and primaquine policies in Asian, Oceania, and Middle East malaria-endemic countries.

<p>G6PDd prevalence, testing, and primaquine policies in Asian, Oceania, and Middle East malaria-endemic countries.</p

Single-dose primaquine policies in Asia, Oceania, and Middle East countries.

<p>All countries except for Papua New Guinea and both Koreas (which have no falciparum malaria) have policies to use primaquine as single dose for falciparum malaria. Red indicates unobserved therapy policy, and dark blue directly observed therapy (DOT). Implementation of primaquine policies and exact dose (SLD of 0.25 mg/kg or 0.75 mg/kg) vary between countries. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006230#pntd.0006230.t005" target="_blank">Table 5</a> provides details on countries’ policies implementation and/or upcoming modifications.</p