13 research outputs found
NMR Studies of Field Induced Magnetism in CeCoIn
Recent Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and elastic neutron scattering experiments
have revealed conclusively the presence of static incommensurate magnetism in
the field-induced B phase of CeCoIn5. We analyze the NMR data assuming the
hyperfine coupling to the In(2) nuclei is anisotropic and simulate the spectra
for several different magnetic structures. The NMR data are consistent with
ordered Ce moments along the [001] direction, but are relatively insensitive to
the direction of the incommensurate wavevector.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a multistep procedure that enables destruction of the immune system and its reconstitution from haematopoietic stem cells. Originally developed for the treatment of haematological malignancies, the procedure has been adapted for the treatment of severe immune-mediated disorders. Results from ~20 years of research make a compelling case for selective use of AHSCT in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS), and for controlled trials. Immunological studies support the notion that AHSCT causes qualitative immune resetting, and have provided insight into the mechanisms that might underlie the powerful treatment effects that last well beyond recovery of immune cell numbers. Indeed, studies have demonstrated that AHSCT can entirely suppress MS disease activity for 4–5 years in 70–80% of patients, a rate that is higher than those achieved with any other therapies for MS. Treatment-related mortality, which was 3.6% in studies before 2005, has decreased to 0.3% in studies since 2005. Current evidence indicates that the patients who are most likely to benefit from and tolerate AHSCT are young, ambulatory and have inflammatory MS activity. Clinical trials are required to rigorously test the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of AHSCT against highly active MS drugs
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis
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Probing spatial correlations in the inhomogeneous glassy state of the cuprates by Cu NMR.
We discuss the crossover of the form of the Cu NMR spin echo decay at the onset of Cu wipeout in lanthanum cuprates. Experimentally, the echo decay undergoes a crossover from Gaussian to exponential form below the temperature where the Cu NMR intensity drops. The wipeout and the change in behavior both arise because the nuclei experience spatially inhomogeneous spin fluctuations at low temperatures. We argue that regions where the spin fluctuations remain fast are localized on length scales of order 1-2 lattice spacings. The inhomogeneity is characterized by the local activation energy E{sub a}(r); we estimate the functional form of E{sub a}(r) for points where E{sub a}(r) {approx} 0