Constraints and Soliton Solutions for the KdV Hierarchy and AKNS Hierarchy

It is well-known that the finite-gap solutions of the KdV equation can be generated by its recursion operator.We generalize the result to a special form of Lax pair, from which a method to constrain the integrable system to a lower-dimensional or fewer variable integrable system is proposed. A direct result is that the $n$-soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy can be completely depicted by a series of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which may be gotten by a simple but unfamiliar Lax pair. Furthermore the AKNS hierarchy is constrained to a series of univariate integrable hierarchies. The key is a special form of Lax pair for the AKNS hierarchy. It is proved that under the constraints all equations of the AKNS hierarchy are linearizable.Comment: 12 pages, 0 figur

(4S,5S)-2-(2-Thien­yl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxamide

In the title compound, C9H10N2O4S, which is an important inter­mediate for the preparation of anti­tumor platinum drugs, the dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bonded to the thienyl ring at the flap position. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of two five-membered rings having envelope conformations. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network

Damaged DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2) protects against UV irradiation in human cells and Drosophila

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We observed previously that cisplatin-resistant HeLa cells were cross-resistant to UV light due to accumulation of DDB2, a protein implicated in DNA repair. More recently, we found that cFLIP, which represents an anti-apoptotic protein whose level is induced by DDB2, was implicated in preventing apoptosis induced by death-receptor signaling. In the present study, we investigated whether DDB2 has a protective role against UV irradiation and whether cFLIP is also involved in this process.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We explored the role of DDB2 in mediating UV resistance in both human cells and Drosophila. To do so, DDB2 was overexpressed by using a full-length open reading frame cDNA. Conversely, DDB2 and cFLIP were suppressed by using antisense oligonucleotides. Cell survival was measured using a colony forming assay. Apoptosis was monitored by examination of nuclear morphology, as well as by flow cytometry and Western blot analyses. A transcription reporter assay was also used to assess transcription of cFLIP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We first observed that the cFLIP protein was upregulated in UV-resistant HeLa cells. In addition, the cFLIP protein could be induced by stable expression of DDB2 in these cells. Notably, the anti-apoptotic effect of DDB2 against UV irradiation was largely attenuated by knockdown of cFLIP with antisense oligonucleotides in HeLa cells. Moreover, overexpression of DDB2 did not protect against UV in VA13 and XP-A cell lines which both lack cFLIP. Interestingly, ectopic expression of human DDB2 in <it>Drosophila </it>dramatically inhibited UV-induced fly death compared to control GFP expression. On the other hand, expression of DDB2 failed to rescue a different type of apoptosis induced by the genes <it>Reaper </it>or <it>eiger</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results show that DDB2 protects against UV stress in a cFLIP-dependent manner. In addition, the protective role of DDB2 against UV irradiation was found to be conserved in divergent living organisms such as human and <it>Drosophila</it>. In addition, UV irradiation may activate a cFLIP-regulated apoptotic pathway in certain cells.</p

Design and Implementation of a Novel Directional Coupler for UHF RFID Reader

The directional coupler is applied to isolating RX from TX because of low cost and simplicity compared to the circulator in the radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader. Because of unequal phase velocity between odd and even mode, the drawback of the traditional microstrip directional coupler is poor isolation. In this paper, to obtain a good isolation between RX and TX, a novel directional coupler is proposed to be applied to the UHF RFID system with a single antenna. Measurement result shows that the proposed directional coupler possesses a good isolation of -35dB in operating frequency band

Real-Time Human Motion Capture Driven by a Wireless Sensor Network

The motion of a real object model is reconstructed through measurements of the position, direction, and angle of moving objects in 3D space in a process called “motion capture.” With the development of inertial sensing technology, motion capture systems that are based on inertial sensing have become a research hot spot. However, the solution of motion attitude remains a challenge that restricts the rapid development of motion capture systems. In this study, a human motion capture system based on inertial sensors is developed, and the real-time movement of a human model controlled by real people’s movement is achieved. According to the features of the system of human motion capture and reappearance, a hierarchical modeling approach based on a 3D human body model is proposed. The method collects articular movement data on the basis of rigid body dynamics through a miniature sensor network, controls the human skeleton model, and reproduces human posture according to the features of human articular movement. Finally, the feasibility of the system is validated by testing of system properties via capture of continuous dynamic movement. Experiment results show that the scheme utilizes a real-time sensor network-driven human skeleton model to achieve the accurate reproduction of human motion state. The system also has good application value

Negative and Positive Lateral Shift of a Light Beam Reflected from a Grounded Slab

We consider the lateral shift of a light beam reflecting from a dielectric slab backed by a metal. It is found that the lateral shift of the reflected beam can be negative while the intensity of reflected beam is almost equal to the incident one under a certain condition. The explanation for the negativity of the lateral shift is given in terms of the interference of the reflected waves from the two interfaces. It is also shown that the lateral shift can be enhanced or suppressed under some other conditions. The numerical calculation on the lateral shift for a realistic Gaussian-shaped beam confirms our theoretical prediction.Comment: 8pages,4 figure