Study Kinetika Peruraian Partikel Pada Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Tahu Dan Kotoran Sapi Sebagai Material Pembuatan Biogas

The increasing energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves caused the waterwheel crisis, it is necessary for innovation to generate alternative energy sources. One of the alternative energy is biogas which can be produced from solid waste of tofu production (SWTP). Utilization of solid waste of tofu production (SWTP) to produce biogas can reduce energy consumption from fossil fuels while reducing the accumulation of garbage because so far most of the solid waste of tofu production (SWTP) directly discharged into the environment. Biogas is produced through a process that involves the breakdown of organic material activity of anaerobic microorganisms are bacteria methanogens in a anaerobic reactor (biodigester). Tofu production waste has high acidity so that it needs a buffer in biogas production. One of the buffer which can be utilized is cow manure.The experiment as many as 800 ml of sample was entered to the reactor with the capacity of 1 L, then incubated in an anaerobic condition in the room at the temperature of 25-30oC within 30 days. There are 8 variation apply in this research, they are KS:KT=100:0,75:25, 50:50,25:75 and 0:100 at VS of 3%, and KS:AT 50:50 at VS of 2%,4% and 5%. The measured parameter is the biogas volume, methane concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, the ratio of C vs N, total solid (TS) and volatile solid content (VS), volatile fatty acid (VFA),pH and temperature. The gas volume measurement was done every day using gasholder while methane concentration was measured by gas chromatography (GC).The experiment result shows that the composition of cow manure and SWTP at VS of 3% KS:AT = 50:50 shows the highest methane concentration compared to the other compositions. The mathematic model as first order of reaction rate equation can approach the experiment result

Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Serat Kelapa Sawit Melalui Proses Pretreatment, Hidrolisis Asam Dan Fermentasi Menggunakan Ragi Tape

Palm fiber cake is a waste of the palm oil industry or crude palm oil (CPO). Oil palm fiber waste can be used as raw material for second-generation bioethanol because it contains 57.9% cellulose dan18% lignin, and the hydrolysis containing 14.94% hemicellulose. This study was used the process of pretreatment, hydrolysis, neutralization, and fermentation with the purpose to obtain bioethanol. Oil palm fiber was cut to the size of 0.5-1 cm. Then pretreated using acid solvent by heating at 100 ° C for 1 hour with a hot plate stirrer. Solids pretreatment results are mixed with distilled water to concentrations (5% w/v) is prepared to hydrolysis. The solids are then dissolved with a solution of H2SO4 (2% v/v) to 500 ml and dihidrolisisis for 120 minutes with a temperature variation of 115 °C, 120 °C, 125 °C objective to determine the influence of optimal temperature in the process of hydrolysis using an autoclave. Hydrolyzate is neutralized with 1 N NaOH until pH 5 and the sugar content by the Luff-Schoorl method obtained the highest sugar content of 9.69% v/v. Hydrolyzate that has been in the neutralization fermented with yeast and nutrients NPK tape with glass bottles that have been sterilized using an autoclave fermented for 3 days. Fermented ethanol levels were tested by analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) is known to the highest bioethanol content of 2.858% (v/v). Peak Characteristic of oil palm fiber cellulose before and after pretreatment of cellulose fiber cake increased by 42.30% (cellulose I) to 48.60% (cellulose II) by X-Ray Difraction

Aplikasi Teknologi Digester Untuk Pengolahan Human Manure, Sampah Organik Dan Limbah Cair Domestik Di Asrama Mahasiswa Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan

Student dormitory is one of the facilities provided as a means of support for the students in their studies in Universities. Because many students who come from outside the region where the study was held. Dormitory students have an important role in supporting the successful development in the field of education as well as business opportunities to boost the economy of the people who live around educational institutions. However on the other side where the hostel will generate waste, among others, feces and urine, organic and inorganic garbage and domestic waste which if not managed properly could potentially cause health problems, and aesthetics. The problems that have been faced by managers and occupants of a student dormitory in the Kelurahan Sungai Besar, Kecamatan Banjarbaru Selatan, Banjarbaru City is the lack of knowledge of how the processing waste human manure, organic waste and domestic waste water so it does not pollute the surrounding environment and at the same time converting the processed organic waste into a resource new energy, namely biogas and compost.Digester technology applications will generate a set of tools Human waste processing manure, organic waste and domestic waste. This technology is the processing of organic material anaerobic digester technology in the form of organic waste that the waste that comes out of the digester safely discharged into the environment. Aside from being a waste treatment plant, the solution can also produce biogas to biogas formed later expected to be utilized as a fuel substitute for LPG and fuel Generator Set (Genset) as a substitute fuel (gasoline) in addition produce a byproduct of compost were also no less economic value. Inside the digester hydrolysis and fermentation process occurs, phase Acetogenesis and methanogenesis phase of organic waste into biogas and its byproducts are composted. The process takes 20-30 days. Wastewater digester output of the reactor is no longer harmful to humans, the environment and other living organisms that are not harmful to the environment if disposed of