Regulation of welding residual stress in laser-welded AISI 304 steel-niobium joints using a Cu interlayer

Residual stress and deformation in a welded joint will significantly reduce its service life, and thus the analysis and regulation of residual stresses are very important. In this paper, a SYSWELD software was used to numerically simulate the temperature field, residual stress field, and the welding deformation during welding with and without a Cu interlayer. Thermocouples were used to measure the thermal cycle curves, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the residual stresses of the joints. The results show that the addition of a Cu interlayer does not significantly change the temperature field, and that the high temperature region on the niobium side is wider. In addition, the peak temperature in the centre of the welds and the temperature gradient perpendicular to the weld are greatly reduced by a Cu interlayer. Furthermore, a Cu interlayer contributes to a certain increase in both transverse and longitudinal residual stresses. Because the weld involves three different materials, steel, niobium, and Cu, the residual stresses in the welds are more complex. The simulation of the welding deformation shows that the transverse shrinkage in the thickness direction can be homogenized by the Cu interlayer, which leads to a significant reduction in deformation.acceptedVersio

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Development Strategy of Deep-Sea Exploration and Residence Equipment

Deep-sea exploration and residence equipment is an important basis for the development of marine science. In recent years, China’s independent research and development of related equipment has made good progress; however, some technical problems still exist in the process of localization. It is urgent to overcome these problems and promote China’s capabilities for constructing a “transparent ocean”. This study analyzes the development demand for deep-sea exploration and residence equipment and summarizes the development status and problems of the equipment by focusing on six key areas: general equipment for deepsea perception and detection; general platforms for deep-sea carrier detection; deep-sea multi-functional operation platforms; deepsea communication, navigation, and positioning equipment; general tools for deep-sea operation; and intelligent control systems for deep-sea manned and unmanned equipment. Moreover, the study proposes the key development direction of the deep-sea exploration and residence equipment in China, covering nine key technologies: exploration equipment energy supply, design and optimization of equipment systems, power systems with a high power density, in-situ experimental research and development, livability and emergency rescue of manned equipment, underwater dynamic networked positioning, underwater acoustic–optical multi-mode hybrid communication networks, human–machine hybrid decision-making and collaborative control, and evaluation and optimization of human–computer interaction effectiveness. On this basis, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of key marine areas while adhering to scientific development, promote infrastructure co-construction and information sharing through overall planning and intensive development, and encourage the innovation-driven and sustainable development of new technologies and equipment, thus to promote the high-quality development of the deep-sea exploration and residence equipment in China

Case report: A promising neoadjuvant treatment option for individuals with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer involves the use of Pyrotinib Maleate in combination with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab

Breast cancer (BC) is the prevailing malignancy among women, with HER2 overexpression observed in 20–30 % of all BC, thereby serving as a prognostic indicator for unfavorable outcomes in affected individuals. There is a necessity to establish innovative treatment protocols to expand the therapeutic alternatives accessible for managing HER2-positive BC. In this study, we report a case of HER2-positive BC that was managed in our department using a combination of three targeted drugs (Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Pyrotinib) along with chemotherapy. The treatment resulted in a pathological complete response (pCR) and was observed to be well-tolerated, without any significant adverse reactions. Hence, the combination of Pyrotinib and Dual HER2 blockade treatment shows promise as a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced HER2-positive BC to achieve a pCR in surgery. Nevertheless, this conclusion necessitates additional validation via meticulously designed clinical research investigations encompassing larger patient populations

Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the nucleus raphe magnus to participate in pain modulation

abstract: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is one of the main sources of arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis and secretion. AVP is the most important bioactive substance in PVN regulating pain process. Our pervious study has pointed that pain stimulation induced AVP increase in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), which plays a role in pain modulation. The present study was designed to investigate the source of AVP in the rat NRM during pain process using the methods of nucleus push–pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay. The results showed that pain stimulation increased the AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid, PVN cauterization inhibited the role that pain stimulation induced the increase of AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid, and PVN microinjection of l-glutamate sodium, which excited the PVN neurons, could increase the AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid. The data suggested that AVP in the PVN might be transferred to the NRM to participate in pain modulation