担子菌類の基本的転写に関わるシスエレメントの解析

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第22707号農博第2423号新制||農||1080(附属図書館)学位論文||R2||N5300(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻(主査)教授 本田 与一, 教授 田中 千尋, 教授 吉村 剛学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN DESTINATION MARKETING: A NETWORK ANALYSIS OF TWO DESTINATIONS IN VIETNAM

Purpose –This paper aims to identify the stakeholders involved in tourism destination marketing networks. The involvement and collaboration of multiple individuals and organisations is widely recognised in destination marketing to promote a destination. Internal stakeholders of a destination and their collaboration are frequently studied in destination marketing research, but little attention is paid to the involvement of external stakeholders. Design/Methodology/Approach – Quantitative social network analysis is an important approach to understanding stakeholder connections and roles in tourism destinations. In this paper, this analysis was conducted using primary data collected from social network surveys in Da Nang and Hue, two local destinations in central Vietnam. Sixty-nine questionnaires were collected in Da Nang, and 60 questionnaires in Hue. The network data were each analysed separately using UCINET software. Findings – The results show the involvement of different stakeholders in marketing activities in these local destinations. Most of the marketing networks of Da Nang and Hue consist of business units. While the Da Nang marketing network focuses on critical stakeholders and fundamental business firms with strong financial resources and big brands, the Hue marketing network includes more diverse stakeholders and more significant participation of small and medium local firms. Originality of research – This research found the participation of national and international stakeholders located outside the two destinations studied in their marketing network. Their involvement was identified through their collaborative relationships with the DMOs and internal stakeholders of the two destinations to promote the destinations nationally and internationally

The mathematical model of the improved system of the seat with adjustable pressure profile

Following a patented solution, a seat which is possible to change its stiffness was created. The seat contains an actively controlled pneumatic spring element (the PSE). For the requirement of working faster and more precisely, an improvement was applied. This article deals with derivation of mathematical model of the improved PSE system used for subsequent analysis. The model is considered as a mixed model which is a combination of single-discipline subsystems as mechanical, electrical, fluid and control ones. The simulations are carried out for varied input parameters and both the system parameters and system characteristics are calculated. The results describe the behavior of the improved system in two modes of controller setup: constant pressure and constant stiffness under static and dynamic condition

Tannins: Extraction from Plants

The chapter presents mainly on different extraction methods of tannin. Some technical means required for effective extraction are also presented, for example, collection and treatment of plant and drying and storage of plant. Opportunity and challenges in application of extraction methods are also exhibited in the chapter

Effect of natural auxin from portulaca grandiflora hook and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir on the formation adventitious roots in vitro of Plumbago zeylanica L.

Plumbago zeylanica L. is a traditional herbal that has been reported to treat on skin diseases. Furthermore, some researchers have found plumbagin extracted from roots of this species can prevent cancer cell development. In current study, stems of Plumbago zeylanica L. were cultured on MS medium with BA 1.0 mg/L and IAA (0.01-0.15 mg/L) or NAA (0.1-0.15 mg/L). After 8-week cultured, stems were transferred to MS medium with extracted from stems of Portulaca grandiflora Hook (2-10 ml/L) or extracted from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. The results showed that, the appropriate medium for shoot formation was in MS with BA and IAA 0.1 mg/L or NAA 0.1 mg/L. The adventitious roots in vitro were formatted in MS medium supplied with extracted from stems Portulaca grandiflora Hook or from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir 6 ml/L. Simultaneously, after 8-week cultured, the adventitious roots were collected and plumbagin qualitative were analyzed with pure plumbagin of Sigma. As the results, plumbagin presents in adventitious roots cultured

Physicians, Primary Caregivers and Topical Repellent: All Under-Utilised Resources in Stopping Dengue Virus Transmission in Affected Households

BACKGROUND: Primary health care facilities frequently manage dengue cases on an ambulatory basis for the duration of the patient’s illness. There is a great opportunity for specific messaging, aimed to reduce dengue virus (DENV) transmission in and around the home, to be directly targeted toward this high-risk ambulatory patient group, as part of an integrated approach to dengue management. The extent however, to which physicians understand, and can themselves effectively communicate strategies to stop focal DENV transmission around an ambulatory dengue case is unknown; the matter of patient comprehension and recollection then ensues. In addition, the effectiveness of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET)-based insect repellent in protecting dengue patients from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes’ bites has not been investigated. METHODOLOGY: A knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey, focusing on the mechanisms of DENV transmission and prevention, was performed using semi-structured questionnaires. This survey was targeted towards the patients and family members providing supportive care, and physicians routinely involved in dengue patient management in Southern Vietnam. An additional clinical observational study was conducted to measure the efficacy of a widely-used 13% DEET-based insect repellent to repel Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from the forearms of dengue cases and matched healthy controls. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among both the physician (n = 50) and patient (n = 49) groups there were several respondents lacking a coherent understanding of DENV transmission, leading to some inappropriate attitudes and inadequate acute preventive practices in the household. The application of insect repellent to protect patients and their relatives from mosquito bites was frequently recommended by majority of physicians (78%) participating in the survey. Nevertheless, our tested topical application of 13% DEET conferred only ~1hr median protection time from Ae. aegypti landing. This is notably shorter than that advertised on the manufacturer’s label. No differences in landing time between febrile dengue cases or matched healthy controls (n = 19 experiments) were observed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identifies missed opportunities for primary care physicians to improve public health through communication of strategies that could prevent focal dengue transmission in and around a case household. We advocate better access to more efficient communication methods for physicians and auxilliary health workers, supporting to educate those at high risk of DENV transmission. Our empirical testing of a widely-available 13% DEET-based repellent was limited in its protective efficacy against Ae. aegypti mosquito bites, and therefore DENV transmission, suggesting more frequent application is necessary to be beneficial

Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates microglial activation and secondary dopaminergic cell death in the mouse MPTP model of Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among many inflammatory factors found in the PD brain, cyclooxygenase (COX), specifically the inducible isoform, COX-2, is believed to be a critical enzyme in the inflammatory response. Induction of COX-2 is also found in an experimental model of PD produced by administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). METHOD: COX-2-deficient mice or C57BL/6 mice were treated with MPTP to investigate the effects of COX-2 deficiency or by using various doses of valdecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, which induces inhibition of COX-2 on dopaminergic neuronal toxicity and locomotor activity impairment. Immunohistochemistry, stereological cell counts, immunoblotting, an automated spontaneous locomotor activity recorder and rotarod behavioral testing apparatus were used to assess microglial activation, cell loss, and behavioral impariments. RESULTS: MPTP reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell counts in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc); total distance traveled, vertical activity, and coordination on a rotarod; and increased microglia activation. Valdecoxib alleviated the microglial activation, the loss of TH-positive cells and the decrease in open field and vertical activity. COX-2 deficiency attenuated MPTP-induced microglial activation, degeneration of TH-positive cells, and loss of coordination. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that reducing COX-2 activity can mitigate the secondary and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons as well as the motor deficits induced by MPTP, possibly by suppression of microglial activation in the SNpc

OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN A DEGENERATE TWO-LEVEL EIT MEDIUM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH

We investigate the behavior of optical bistability in a degenerate two-level atomic medium using an external magnetic field to separate the lower level into two distinct levels that both connect to an upper level by the probe and coupling laser fields. Based on analytical solutions, the absorption spectrum and behavior of optical bistability in an electromagnetically induced transparency regime under an external magnetic field are investigated. By controlling the external magnetic field, we find that the appearance and disappearance of the optical bistability can be easily controlled according to the strength of the magnetic field in the transparent window domain. Furthermore, the effects of the intensity of the coupling laser field and the parameters of the system on the behavior of optical bistability are also considered. The proposed model is useful for applications in all-optical switches and magneto-optic storage devices.We investigate the behavior of optical bistability in a degenerate two-level atomic medium using an external magnetic field to separate the lower level into two distinct levels that both connect to an upper level by the probe and coupling laser fields. Based on analytical solutions, the absorption spectrum and behavior of optical bistability in an electromagnetically induced transparency regime under an external magnetic field are investigated. By controlling the external magnetic field, we find that the appearance and disappearance of the optical bistability can be easily controlled according to the strength of the magnetic field in the transparent window domain. Furthermore, the effects of the intensity of the coupling laser field and the parameters of the system on the behavior of optical bistability are also considered. The proposed model is useful for applications in all-optical switches and magneto-optic storage devices

Clinical Characteristics and Histopathology of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane in Vietnam

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is an avascular proliferation of different types of cells between the posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane. That causes visual impairment including blurry, distortion, scotoma. Many studies of iERM were done to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate the histopathology of this disease. Nonetheless, there has not been a study of iERM histopathology in Vietnam. AIMS: To describe clinical characteristics and histopathological results of idiopathic retinal membrane and the association between them. METHODS: A cross sectional decriptive study of 35 iERMs (33 patients) in Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology (VNIO). RESULTS: High morbidity incidence was in group age >50 years (32/35), female gender (26/35), limited movement works (27/35), and high educational levels (28/35). Distortion was the highest (77.14%), scotoma and floater was less frequent (28.5%, 45.7%). Macular edema in all cases and PVD and exudate were high frequent (65.7%, 62.8%). Symptom duration was 8.2 ± 4.7 months, (1-21 months). Mean of central macular thickness was 468.51 ± 97.24 µm (656-274 µm). Six types of cell were detected, including glial cell (35/35), fibroblast (23/35), myofibroblast (23/35), macrophage (13/35), lymphocyte (5/35) and neutrophil (2/35). The number of cell types in one sample ranged from 1-5 types (2.85 ± 1.28 cell types). Number of cell types were correlated to symptom duration (r = 0.47, p = 0.004, Pearson's test) and central macular thickness (r = 0.72, p < 0.001, Pearson's test). CONCLUSION: There were 6 types of cells in iERM. Glial cell was the most frequent cell, inflammatory cells (macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil) was also detected. The number of cell types was stastitically correlated to symptom duration and CMT