University planning and design under confucianism, colonialism, communism and capitalism : the Vietnamese experience

The university in Vietnam represents a thread of continuity that has managed to survive the political, economic and social turmoil faced so frequently by the Vietnamese people. This paper traces the evolution of the Vietnamese university in terms of its site planning and building design from the Hanoi Van Mieu, a Confucian \u27temple of literature\u27 which, built in 1070AD, is regarded as the country\u27s first university, to today&rsquo;s system of general and specialised universities and polytechnic institutions. In the late 1990s another step in the process of evolution began with the rationalization and amalgamation of the tertiary system to form two large, multi-campus and multi-disciplinary universities &ndash; the Hanoi National University and the Ho Chi Minh National University.<br /

The Impacts of Three Flamelet Burning Regimes in Nonlinear Combustion Dynamics

Axisymmetric simulations of a liquid rocket engine are performed using a delayed detached-eddy-simulation (DDES) turbulence model with the Compressible Flamelet Progress Variable (CFPV) combustion model. Three different pressure instability domains are simulated: completely unstable, semi-stable, and fully stable. The different instability domains are found by varying the combustion chamber and oxidizer post length. Laminar flamelet solutions with a detailed chemical mechanism are examined. The $\beta$ Probability Density Function (PDF) for the mixture fraction and Dirac $\delta$ PDF for both the pressure and the progress variable are used. A coupling mechanism between the Heat Release Rate (HRR) and the pressure in an unstable cycle is demonstrated. Local extinction and reignition is investigated for all the instability domains using the full S-curve approach. A monotonic decrease in the amount of local extinctions and reignitions occurs when pressure oscillation amplitude becomes smaller. The flame index is used to distinguish between the premixed and non-premixed burning mode in different stability domains. An additional simulation of the unstable pressure oscillation case using only the stable flamelet burning branch of the S-curve is performed. Better agreement with experiments in terms of pressure oscillation amplitude is found when the full S-curve is used.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Combustion and Flame for a Special Issu

Underpricing, Risk Management, Hot Issue and Crowding out Effects: Evidence from the Australian Resources Sector Initital Public Offerings

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive investigation of 260 initial public offerings (IPOs) in the Australian resource sector for the 1994 – 2004 period. Consistent with the existing IPO literature, we document a 16.13% underpricing return by firms in the sample. Despite the contention that risk management can reduce the uncertainty relating to the new issue and hence alleviates the extent of underpricing, we do not find any evidence in support of such contention. In addition to the conventional variables used to explain IPOs underpricing, we further provide evidence that the demand for resources IPOs is not ‘crowded-out’ by the strength of alternative IPO markets. We also show evidence that the issue price adjusts to both market return in preceding months and the average underpricing of resources IPOs in the 12 month period leading to the float which offers an explanation to the hot issue effect observed in the IPO market.initial public offerings, underpricing, risk management, crowding-out effect, hot issue market.

Sexual decision making in the absence of choice: The African American female dating experience.

Although links between low mate availability and increased HIV and STI risk for African American women have been documented in the literature, we know little about the impact of limited mate choices on the quality of relationships between Black men and women and how these relationship dynamics impact risk for young Black women. We conducted a qualitative study with African American female young adults (N=12) to explore the perceived impact of structural forces on African American female young adults’ dating and sexual behavior. Participants reported (1) perceptions of Black men as untrustworthy and manipulative, (2) the limited and often negative roles for Black men in the larger Black community, and (3) heterosexual relationships in the Black community as increasingly influenced by economics and commerce. Recommendations for HIV prevention interventions that include micro and macro level approaches are discussed

A perspective on the impact of radiation therapy on the immune rheostat.

The advent and success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment has broadened the spectrum of tumours that might be considered "immunogenic" and susceptible to immunotherapeutic (IT) intervention. Not all cancer types are sensitive, and not all patients with any given type respond. Combination treatment of ICIs with an established cytotoxic modality such as radiation therapy (RT) is a logical step towards improvement. For one, RT alone has been shown to be genuinely immunomodulatory and secondly pre-clinical data generally support combined ICI-RT approaches. This new integrated therapy for cancer treatment holds much promise, although there is still a lot to be learned about how best to schedule the treatments, manage the toxicities and determine what biomarkers might predict response, as well as many other issues. This review examines how RT alters the immune rheostat and how it might best be positioned to fully exploit IT

A novel function for the Caenorhabditis elegans torsin OOC-5 in nucleoporin localization and nuclear import.

Torsin proteins are AAA+ ATPases that localize to the endoplasmic reticular/nuclear envelope (ER/NE) lumen. A mutation that markedly impairs torsinA function causes the CNS disorder DYT1 dystonia. Abnormalities of NE membranes have been linked to torsinA loss of function and the pathogenesis of DYT1 dystonia, leading us to investigate the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans torsinA homologue OOC-5 at the NE. We report a novel role for torsin in nuclear pore biology. In ooc-5-mutant germ cell nuclei, nucleoporins (Nups) were mislocalized in large plaques beginning at meiotic entry and persisted throughout meiosis. Moreover, the KASH protein ZYG-12 was mislocalized in ooc-5 gonads. Nups were mislocalized in adult intestinal nuclei and in embryos from mutant mothers. EM analysis revealed vesicle-like structures in the perinuclear space of intestinal and germ cell nuclei, similar to defects reported in torsin-mutant flies and mice. Consistent with a functional disruption of Nups, ooc-5-mutant embryos displayed impaired nuclear import kinetics, although the nuclear pore-size exclusion barrier was maintained. Our data are the first to demonstrate a requirement for a torsin for normal Nup localization and function and suggest that these functions are likely conserved